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A sufficient analgesia in injured or sick people is the main goal of physicians treating a patient. In emergency medicine potent analgesia like ketamine or opioids are routinely used. It is unknown if there are any severe side effects or if the use is safe while in use in a Helicopter Emergency Service equipped with emergency physicians.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient given analgesics or hypnotics | All patients treated with any kind of analgesics or hypnotics are analyzed and compared. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| analgesics | Other | analgesics given to a patient treated from HEMS |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Successful analgesia | Change in reported pain severity before and after treatment with analgesic. (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS, eleven-point scale reporting no pain=0, to maximum pain=10; 1-3 mild pain, 4-6 moderate pain, 7-10 severe pain) | 2000-2016 |
| Analgesic, drug type | Use of analgesic (n= type of analgesic) | 2000-2016 |
| Analgesic, frequency | Use of analgesic (n= frequency how often analgesic is used) | 2000-2016 |
| Analgesic, amount of analgesics | Use of analgesic (n= amount of analgesic used in mg or µg) | 2000-2016 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Side effects | Type of side effect (respiratory arrest after use, hypoxemia, desaturation (SpO2<90%), dead) | 2000-2016 |
| Frequency of side effects | Frequency of side effects (frequency of side effect/n=total number of analgesic use; very common>=1/10, common>=1/100 and<1/10, uncommon >=1/1000 and <1/100, rare >=1/10000 and <1/1000, very rare <1/10000) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All patients screened with the described inclusion criteria - eligible to be included in analysis.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mathias Ströhle, Dr | General and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck | Innsbruck | 6020 | Austria |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004630 | Emergencies |
| D009104 | Multiple Trauma |
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000700 | Analgesics |
| D006993 | Hypnotics and Sedatives |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018689 | Sensory System Agents |
| D018373 | Peripheral Nervous System Agents |
| D045505 | Physiological Effects of Drugs |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
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| hypnotics |
| Other |
hypnotics given to a patient treated from HEMS |
|
| 2000-2016 |
| Severity of side effect | severity of side effect (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=potentially life threatening) | 2000-2016 |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D002491 | Central Nervous System Agents |
| D045506 | Therapeutic Uses |
| D002492 | Central Nervous System Depressants |