Low Birth Weight Fetuses With Caffeine Use

Association of Low Birth Weight Fetuses With Caffeine Use

Globally, it has been estimated that 15.5% of all infantsare born low birth weight, defined as birthweight less than 2,500 g .

Low birth weight is not only associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity.

but also with a higher risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in adult life

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age group: 18-40
• Pregnant females attending regular post-natal care visits

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Female patients with other acute or chronic illness

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Neoplasms
  • Current diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced diabetes
  • Renal impairment (serum creatinine 120 mol/liter), and hypertension (blood pressure 140/85 mm Hg).