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The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of speech therapy on quality of life, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness level and apnea-hypopnea index in patients with hypertensive patients with mild obstructive apnea syndrome.
The database will include demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and and target-organ damages. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and abdominal and neck circumference) will be registered. Daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and quality of life wiill be evaluated through the respective questionnaires: Epworth sleepiness scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and SF-36. In order to evaluate the airway, the Mallampati grade will be used in addition to the adapted assessment protocol from Guimarães (2009). The differences between the final score and the baseline score will be calculated and adjusted by the baseline value found in each of the questionnaires applied. Finally, the analysis excluding the patients with suboptimal adherence to speech therapy treatment (less than 85%) compared to the control group will be redone. If there are benefits of treatment with speech therapy, it will also be offered to the control group after the end of the clinical trial. Statistical analysis will be done in the statistical package SPSS version 19.0 package (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois, USA). Data obtained may be of benefit to future patients and will be used only for statistical purposes. The confidentiality of the information collected will be guaranteed, thus ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of the information. In addition, the data obtained will not be used for other purposes not foreseen in the protocol.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speech therapy Group | Experimental | 25 patients will be treated with speech therapy, once a week, during 40 minutes for 12 weeks. Oropharyngeal exercises will be performed under the supervision of a speech therapist. Patients will perform the oropharyngeal exercises at home every day. |
|
| Control Group | Sham Comparator | 25 patients will perform inspiratory and expiratory exercises recruiting diaphragmatic muscle. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speech therapy | Other | Oropharyngeal exercises will be performed under the supervision of a speech therapist. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Epworth sleepiness scale | Changes found in score after 12 weeks in control group and speech therapy group. The ESS measures EDS levels, assigning a score (from 0 to 3) according to the possibility of sleeping in each mentioned situation. A score from 0 to 6 is considered normal; from 7 to 9, limitrophe; 10 to 14, mild sleepiness; 15 to 20, moderate sleepiness; and above, severe sleepiness. Values ≥11 are generally associated with sleep disorders. | Five months |
| Changes in SF-36 | Changes found in score after 12 weeks in control group and speech therapy group. The SF-36 consisting of 36 items grouped into eight domains: functional capacity, physical aspects, pain, general health status, vitality, social aspects, emotional aspects and mental health. It assesses both negative (illness or disease) and positive aspects (well-being), with a score from 0 to 100, with zero being the worst health condition and 100 being the best, with each dimension being analyzed separately. | Five months |
| Changes in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | Changes found in score after 12 weeks in control group and speech therapy group. O questionário de Pittsburgh permite avaliar o sono de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, de forma padronizada, ao determinar os "bons dormidores" e "maus dormidores". O questionário avalia parâmetros quantitativos, tais como a duração do sono, latência do sono e número de despertares; e parâmetros qualitativos, que são puramente subjetivos. | Five months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Apnea-hypopnea index | The patients were submitted to polysomnography using BrainNet BNT Polipolygraph, supervised by a qualified professional. Electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, submental electromyogram, nasal airflow, oximetry, respiratory effort, electrocardiogram and anterior tibial electromyogram were realized. The exam was complemented with video monitoring. Patients who had less than 240 minutes of sleep in the night were excluded.The report was prepared by a qualified medical professional, Sleep Medicine specialist and with a practice certificate in the area, who was unaware of the patients; clinical data, according to the norms established in the American Academy of Sleep Medicine manual. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alessandra B de Sousa | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro | Principal Investigator |
| Mariana P Brendim, Master | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro | Study Chair |
| Elizabeth S Muxfeldt | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho | Rio de Janeiro | 21941-913 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | AASM - American Academy of Sleep Medicine, International Classification of Sleep Disorders: diagnostic and coding manual, 2nd ed. Westchester, Ill: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005. | ||
| 21331160 | Background | Acelajado MC, Calhoun DA. Aldosteronism and resistant hypertension. Int J Hypertens. 2011 Jan 20;2011:837817. doi: 10.4061/2011/837817. | |
| 11897643 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020181 | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive |
| D003147 | Communication Disorders |
| D012891 | Sleep Apnea Syndromes |
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001049 | Apnea |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013070 | Speech Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012049 | Rehabilitation of Speech and Language Disorders |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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| Control | Other | Inspiratory and expiratory exercises recruiting diaphragmatic muscles |
|
| Three months after Clinical evaluation initial |
| Qualitative assessment of Speech Therapy Assessment | Changes in Orofacial Myofunctional after speech therapy in therapy group and after 12 weeks after the evaluation initial in control group. Data were collected from the oromiofunctional speech-language assessment protocol, with face evaluation (eyes, nostrils, lips, cheeks, jaw, tongue and palate) and functions (breath, chew and speech). The UAW physical status, evaluated through the modified Mallampati classification, checks according to the spatial relationship between the soft palate and the body of tongue with the pharynx posterior wall and the narrowing of veil and hypopharynx( class 1, the entire palatopharyngeal veil and uvula are visualized; class 2, uvula and palatopharyngeal veil arches partially visualized; class 3, uvula or palatopharyngeal veil not visualized; class 4, all soft palate not visualized). The anthropometric measurements: height and weight to calculate BMI, neck circumference(greater than 41 cm - women - and 43 cm - men) and waist circumference. | Four months |
| Background |
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| D020920 |
| Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |