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This study investigates the psychophysiological responses to aversive stimuli in a population of 133 children clinically diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were administered with either omega-3 or placebo for a period of 6 months and were exposed to three stimuli every three months: 1) a loud sound, 2) threatening photographs from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), and 3) the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST). Participants' psychophysiological features of heart rate and galvanic skin conductance were measured and analyzed in relation to their omega-3/placebo condition clinical diagnosis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3 | Experimental | Children in this group will be given 400 mg of DHA and 600 mg of EPA. Caregivers will be instructed to give two 500mg Omega-3 capsules twice a day, at breakfast and at the evening meal for 6 months. Parents will be seen by the attending on a monthly basis for standard treatment procedure. |
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| Placebo Capsules | Placebo Comparator | Children in this group will be given two placebo capsules twice daily; at breakfast and at the evening meal for a total period of 6 months. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3 | Dietary Supplement | Omega-3 supplement is a highly concentrated fish oil brain booster supplement that helps compensate for the neurocognitive and brain dysfunction which acts as a predisposition to antisocial and violent behaviour. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder have been found to show an 11% reduction in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex (Raine et al. 2001), and structural prefrontal impairments are hypothesised to result in disinhibition of limbic subcortical structures that give rise to aggressive behaviour. Omega-3 (specifically DHA) is known to play a key role in neuronal structure and function. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline Heart Rate at 6 months | For Trier Social Stress Task | 7 minutes each at 0 months and 6 months |
| Change from Baseline Skin Conductance Response at 6 months | For loud sound | 4 minutes each at 0 months and 6 months |
| Change from Baseline Skin Conductance Response at 6 months | For threatening photographs | 4 minutes each at 0 months and 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Daniel Fung | Institute of Mental Health, Singapore | Study Director |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019955 | Conduct Disorder |
| D001289 | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity |
| D000096865 | Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019958 | Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004281 | Docosahexaenoic Acids |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015525 | Fatty Acids, Omega-3 |
| D004042 | Dietary Fats, Unsaturated |
| D004041 | Dietary Fats |
| D005223 | Fats |
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| Placebo Capsules | Dietary Supplement | Children in this group will be given two placebo capsules twice daily; at breakfast and at the evening meal for a total period of 6 months. |
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| D008055 |
| Lipids |
| D005231 | Fatty Acids, Unsaturated |
| D005227 | Fatty Acids |
| D005395 | Fish Oils |
| D009821 | Oils |