Dual Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Hypofractionated Radiation in Patients With Salivary Gland Cancers
Dual Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Hypofractionated Radiation in Patients With Salivary Gland Cancers
This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and how well nivolumab and ipilimumab works when given together with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in treating patients with salivary gland cancers. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab and ipilimumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Stereotactic body radiation therapy uses special equipment to position a patient and deliver radiation to tumors with high precision. This method can kill tumor cells with fewer doses over a shorter period and cause less damage to normal tissue. Giving nivolumab and ipilimumab and SBRT may work better in treating patients with advanced salivary gland cancers.
Patients receive nivolumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 2 weeks for up to 12 courses and then every 4 weeks for additional 8 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also receive ipilimumab IV over 60 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for up to 4 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning week 3, patients undergo 3 fractions of stereotactic body radiation therapy every other day in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
After completion of study treatment patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 8 or 12 weeks.
Inclusion Criteria:
Histologically proven salivary gland carcinoma (World Health Organization [WHO], 2005) arising from a previous head and neck primary site, and located within the head and neck region, lung or bone, and who are not candidates for curative intent therapy
Demonstrated disease progression during, or after discontinuation, of the most recent line of systemic therapy. For patients who have received no prior systemic therapy, demonstrated progression in the 3 months prior to trial participation assessed by the treating physician
Have received any number lines of prior systemic therapy (including systemic therapy in the curative intent setting)
Have a lesion/s deemed suitable by the treating physicians for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with the intent of palliation or prevention of symptoms. This lesion must be:
Have the ability to tolerate required SBRT-related procedures (e.g.: lie flat and hold position for treatment) as determined by the treating physician
Be willing and able to provide written informed consent for the trial and comply with the study visit requirements
Have measurable disease based on RECIST 1.1. (in addition to the lesion/s that will be treated with stereotactic radiation therapy)
Have provided tissue from an archival tissue sample or newly obtained core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion. Tissue requirement will be waived if deemed contraindicated or not clinically available/accessible for resection per the treating physician (principal investigator [PI] approval required)
Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scale
Hemoglobin >= 9.0 g/dL (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.5 x 10^9 /L (>= 1500 per mm^3) (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
Platelet count >= 100 x 10^9 /L (>= 100,000 per mm^3) (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
Serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN). This will not apply to subjects with confirmed Gilbert's syndrome (persistent or recurrent hyperbilirubinemia that is predominantly unconjugated in the absence of hemolysis or hepatic pathology), who will be allowed only in consultation with their physician (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
Aspartate aminotransferases (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2.5 x institutional upper limit of normal unless liver metastases are present, in which case it must be =< 5 x ULN (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
Serum creatinine clearance (CL) > 40 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (Cockcroft and Gault 1976) or by 24-hour urine collection for determination of creatinine clearance (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
Evidence of post-menopausal status OR negative urinary or serum pregnancy test for female pre-menopausal patients. Women will be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months without an alternative medical cause. The following age-specific requirements apply:
Female subjects of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required
Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 1 method of highly effective birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 180 days after the last dose of study medication. Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 1 year
Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 180 days after the last dose of study therapy
Patient is >= 5 years free of another primary malignancy, except:
Exclusion Criteria:
Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment
Has a target lesion/s for SBRT that demonstrate any of the following:
Has a target lesion/s in a region that previously received high dose radiation therapy (RT) (> 50 Gy) demonstrating any of the following:
Prior receipt of an anti-PD-1, anti-PDL1 or anti-CTLA4 immune checkpoint inhibitor
Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 14 days before the first dose of nivolumab or ipilimumab. The following are exceptions to this criterion:
Has received a prior monoclonal antibody within 4 weeks prior to study Day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., =< Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier
Has received prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to study Day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., =< Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent.
Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer that has undergone potentially curative therapy
Has known brain metastases or spinal cord compression unless the patient is stable (asymptomatic; no evidence of new or emerging brain metastases; and stable and off steroids for at least 14 days prior to start of study treatment). Following radiotherapy and/or surgery of the brain metastases patients must wait 4 weeks following the intervention and before initiating study treatment with imaging to confirm stability
Has an active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment within the past 2 years or a documented history of clinically severe autoimmune disease, or a syndrome that requires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents. Subjects with vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy would be an exception to this rule. Subjects that require intermittent use of bronchodilators or local steroid injections would not be excluded from the study. Subjects with hypothyroidism stable on hormone replacement will not be excluded from the study
Has a history of or evidence of active interstitial lung disease or non-infectious pneumonitis
Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator
Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial
Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit through 180 days after the last dose of trial treatment
Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies)
Has evidence of acute or chronic hepatitis B, or hepatitis C
Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment
Has a history of primary immunodeficiency or an allogeneic organ transplant
Known history of previous clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis
Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, active peptic ulcer disease or gastritis, seizures