Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common auto-inflammatory disease (prevalence: 1-5 / 10,000 inhabitants). It is due to mutations of the MEFV gene, encoding variants of the Pyrin inflammasome. Inflammasomes are protein complexes of innate immunity producing pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β).

In vitro, preliminary results demonstrated that activation of the Pyrin inflammasome (measured by interleukin-1β concentration) by kinase inhibitors is significantly increased in FMF patients compared to subjects with a similar clinical picture, and healthy controls. In addition, a measure of cell death yielded significant results in differentiating patients from controls.

The investigators hypothesize that this fast and simple functional test can serve as a diagnostic tool for FMF.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical picture compatible with an Familial Mediterranean Fever and an earlier genetic analysis finding a mutation of the MEFV gene;
• Newly diagnosed or undergoing follow-up (without criteria of delay or evolutionary stage);
• In the course of specific or non-specific treatment of the disease or without treatment;
• For whom a blood test is planned as part of the routine care;
• Of whom the informed non-opposition has been collected (parental authorization in the case of a minor patient);

Exclusion Criteria:

• patient under legal protection or under safeguard of justice or any other measures of protection (guardianship, curatorship);
• Person unable to express his consent;
• Person in emergency situation, vital or not;
• Infection known to HIV and / or HBV and / or HCV

Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever, patients controls with similar symptoms and healthy subjects who donated their blood to the French Blood Establishment.