The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Xarelto in renally impaired patients with NVAF under routine practice conditions. The information collected in the XARENAL study will help to understand how renally impared patients with NVAF are treated in the real-world setting and what the outcome for the patients is under those conditions.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female and male patients ≥ 19 years of age
• Diagnosis of NVAF
• Patients for whom the decision to initiate treatment with rivaroxaban has already been made as per physician's routine treatment practice
• Previous documented creatinine clearance rate of 15-49mL/min within 6 months before enrollment
• Written informed consent of the patient

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindications for rivaroxaban according to the current Korean market authorization and Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC).
• Patients participating in an investigational program with interventions outside of routine clinical practice.
• Planned treatment with other anticoagulants.
• Expected renal-replacement therapy within the next 3 months

Patients with NVAF who have moderate (creatinine clearance 30 - 49 ml/min) or severe (creatinine clearance 15 - 29 ml/min) renal impairment, requiring rivaroxaban for the prevention of stroke or non-CNS systemic embolism. Patients must also meet all the eligibility criteria for the study.

Availability of this study's data will later be determined according to Bayer's commitment to the EFPIA/PhRMA "Principles for responsible clinical trial data sharing". This pertains to scope, timepoint and process of data access. As such, Bayer commits to sharing upon request from qualified researchers patient-level clinical trial data, study-level clinical trial data, and protocols from clinical trials in patients for medicines and indications approved in the US and EU as necessary for conducting legitimate research. This applies to data on new medicines and indications that have been approved by the EU and US regulatory agencies on or after January 01, 2014.

Interested researchers can use www.vivli.org to request access to anonymized patient-level data and supporting documents from clinical studies to conduct research. Information on the Bayer criteria for listing studies and other relevant information is provided in the member section of the portal.