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Feeding intolerance is frequent among preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Although there are many studies about enteral nutrition strategies and content in preterm infants, no evidence-based standards exist for the optimal milk temperature for preterm infants. Therefore, in this study the investigators aimed to examine the effects of feeding temperature and the possible morbidities.
Feeding intolerance is one of the most frequent problems among preterm infants. These infants are fed with expressed breast milk or preterm formulas of which the temperature is not routinely measured. In this study, the investigators aimed to examine the effects of feeds with warm versus room temperature milk in preterm infants. Infants with a birth weight of ≤1500 g or gestational age of ≤ 34 weeks were included in the study and assigned to two different feeding temperature groups (22-24°C and 32-34°C). Some infants in both groups were exclusive breast milk fed and some received artificial milk. Feeding tolerance of patients in both groups and the consequences were evaluated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Room temperature | Experimental | All of the infants in neonatal intensive care units are used to be fed with milk at 22-24°C which is close to room temperature. |
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| Warmer temperature | Experimental | The investigators decided to feed the infants in this group with warmer milk at to examine the effects of feeding temperature. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Room temperature | Other | These infants were fed with room temperature (22-24 °C) so that hypothesizing that they will have more feeding tolerance and therefore more co-existing morbidities. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gastric residual volume in mililitres after every feeding | Gastric residual volume amount during the study | through study completion, an average of 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Transition time to total enteral feeding | The time needed for transition time to total enteral feeding | through study completion, an average of 6 months |
| Daily weight gain | The daily weight gain of the infant during the study |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ozge Altun Koroglu, M.D. | Ege University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ege University | Izmir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D047928 | Premature Birth |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007752 | Obstetric Labor, Premature |
| D007744 | Obstetric Labor Complications |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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The infants were randomly assigned using the last digit of their hospital identification number to two different groups with different feeding temperatures. Only the nurse giving the primary care was not blinded.
| Warmer temperature | Other | Fifteen NICU mothers volunteered and expressed their milk for rapid measurement of freshly expressed breast milk. The mean (± SD) temperature of freshly expressed breast milk was found to be 33±1.5 °C in these preliminary measurements. Confirming this finding, the investigators decided to feed these infants with milk at 32 - 34 °C to examine the effects of feeding temperature and the possible comorbidities with a hypothesis that warmer feeding at the temperature of freshly expressed breast milk may be better physiologically. |
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| through study completion, an average of 6 months |
| Need for anti reflux treatment | ıf the infant needed antireflux treatment, the treatment options were recorded | through study completion, an average of 6 months |
| Body weight at discharge | Body weight at discharge | through study completion, an average of 6 months |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |