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The goal of our study was to assess acute, short term respiratory (airflow, FeNO, O2 saturation, exhaled air temperature) and cardiovascular (heart rate, blood pressure) responses to smoking an e-cigarette in exclusive e-smokers and dual users and to compare these effects with responses to smoking a tobacco-cigarette in exclusive tobacco smokers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| T-smokers | Experimental | T-smokers were asked to smoke a cigarette of one of the popular brands (0.6mg nicotine per one cigarette) according to their everyday habits. |
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| E-smokers | Experimental | E-smokers were instructed to use e-cigarettes (12 mg/ml nicotine) in accordance with everyday habits for 5 minutes. |
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| T/E-smokers | Experimental | T/E-smokers (dual users) were instructed to use e-cigarettes (12 mg/ml nicotine) in accordance with everyday habits for 5 minutes. |
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| Control subjects | Placebo Comparator | The control subjects were asked to simulate the use of e-cigarettes (a device without e-liquid where aerosol was not created or inhaled). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette smoking | Behavioral | T-smokers were asked to smoke a cigarette of one of the popular brands (0.6mg nicotine per one cigarette) according to their everyday habits. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| O2 saturation | The O2 measurement was made in the sitting position using the PULSOX 2 electronic pulse meter. The result was recorded 15 seconds after the start of the measurement. | pre - post (1 minute after exposure) - post (30 minute after exposure) |
| Concentration of nitric oxide (FeNO) | FeNO measurements were made using the standard procedure in the sitting position with a clip attached to the nose using a NIOX MINO device for measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Subjects were instructed to breathe as deeply as possible through the mouthpiece to achieve maximum lung filling and then to exhale 50ml/sec for 10s. The measured FeNO values were expressed in ppb (parts per billion). | pre - post (1 minute after exposure) - post (30 minute after exposure) |
| exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) | During the measurement, requirements regarding the length and intensity of the exhalation were taken into account. The measurements were made using the PiCo Smokylyzer device. The measured CO levels were expressed in ppm (parts per million). | pre - post (1 minute after exposure) - post (30 minute after exposure) |
| temperature of exhaled air | The measurement was made using the standard procedure in the sitting position using an X-Halo Breath Thermometer [20]. Respondents were instructed to breathe according to the procedure recommended by the device manufacturer. The temperature of exhaled air was expressed in Celsius degrees (°C). | pre - post (1 minute after exposure) - post (30 minute after exposure) |
| spirometric testing | Airflow and lung volume were measured in the sitting position with a noseclip according to the ATS/ERS guidelines. The measurements were made using the EasyOne 2001 spirometer and included FEV1, FVC, FEV1% FVC, PEF and MEF75,50,25. Expiratory maneuvers were repeated until a minimum of three technically correct, repeatable measurements were obtained. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- smoking status (cigarette or e-cigarette smoking)
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Grzegorz Brożek, MD, PhD | Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland | Study Director |
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| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| E-smoking: Emerging public health problem? | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072137 | Vaping |
| D000073865 | Cigarette Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000073869 | Tobacco Smoking |
| D064424 | Tobacco Use |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D066300 | Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000074602 | Smoking Devices |
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |
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This was a laboratory-based intervention study: pre-post-post
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Subjects were divided into 4 groups (n=30 each) based on their self-declared smoking status: control (C), tobacco cigarette smokers (T-Smokers), exclusive e-cigarette users (E-Smokers) and dual users (T/E-Smokers).
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| E-cigarette use | Behavioral | E-smokers and dual users were instructed to use e-cigarettes (12 mg/ml nicotine) in accordance with everyday habits for 5 minutes. |
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| Simulation of the use of e-cigarette | Behavioral | The control subjects were asked to simulate the use of e-cigarettes (a device without e-liquid where aerosol was not created or inhaled). |
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| pre - post (1 minute after exposure) - post (30 minute after exposure) |
| heart rate | Heart rate was measured in the sitting position, the result of measurement was expressed in beats per minute. | pre - post (1 minute after exposure) - post (30 minute after exposure) |
| blood pressure | Blood pressure was measured in the sitting position, the result of measurement was expressed in mmHg. | pre - post (1 minute after exposure) - post (30 minute after exposure) |