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The study is designed as a randomized, controlled, open-label, assessor blind, multicenter superiority trial with three parallel groups, and primary endpoint of immunophenotypic complete responses at 18 months after randomization. Block randomization will be performed with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio.
Patients will be randomized up front to 3 arms. Patients will receive "standard" PETHEMA arm for fit elderly VMP x 9 + Rd x 9 (arm 1, control arm), a KRd regimen (arm 2a) (18 cycles) or a Carfilzomib-lenalidomida-dexametasona regimen combined with DARATUMUMAB (arm 2b) (18 cycles).
After 18 cycles, patients not having received daratumumab before (arm 1 and 2a), will receive consolidation with 4 cycles of Lenalidomida-dexamethasone at low dose-DARATUMUMAB.
At this point (after 22 months on treatment for the VMP-Rd and KRd arm and after 18 months of the Carfilzomib-lenalidomida-dexametasona-DARATUMUMAB arm) patients will be stratified according MRD status by flow and in both MRD- and MRD+ groups, patients will be randomized with a 1:1 allocation ratio to:
Patients on no maintenance that show biological relapse will be rechallenged with DARATUMUMAB-R.
The translational part will be very robust with dysplasia monitoring (especially relevant for the Bortezomib-melfalán-prednisona + Lenalidomida-dexamethasone at low dose arm), clonal evolution/resistance follow up and immune reconstitution longitudinal follow up alongside with MRD status (at diagnosis, 9 months, 18 months, 22 months and treatment discontinuation).
The trial is designed as a two-stage study (induction, followed by consolidation and maintenance). The first stage is confirmatory and addresses the primary efficacy objective. The second stage is exploratory and addresses the secondary efficacy and safety objectives.
In the first stage, investigators will compare an optimized standard induction Bortezomib, talidomida and prednisone followed by Rd (18 cycles) versus KRd, that will be tested in this trial with or without daratumumab x 18 cycles. The main objective in this stage will be to compare the immunophenotypic complete response rate assessed by next generation flow at the end of induction.
The second stage is exploratory and includes the consolidation and maintenance phases. In this second stage, the main objectives are:
Investigators consider that the here proposed multidrug sequential "intensive" approach designed to obtain the best possible and most durable response, assessed through the kinetics of MRD clearance, may have an impact in establishing future clinical practice in fit elderly patients. Moreover, in addition to the MRD analysis (based on next generation flow (NGF), NGS and CT-PET) comprehensive biological investigations, including immunoprofile, clonal selection, analysis of dysplastic features and circulating tumor cells, are planned in order to better understand the relationship between patients outcome and myeloma biology.
The overall treatment plan has been designed for NDMM patients not candidates to SCT strategies but fit enough to tolerate a relatively intensive therapeutic strategy. According to the International Myeloma Working Group guidelines as well as the results obtained in our GEM2010 trial for elderly patients, we have decided to restrict this trial to fit elderly patients aged between 65 and 80 years because in our experience patients older than 80 years usually intensive treatments are poorly tolerated [1].
Investigators will evaluate the frailty using a comprehensive health status assessment scale (Geriatric Assessment in Hematology, GAH scale, annex 11), already validated in patients with hematological diseases and preliminary results in multiple myeloma patients
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VMP x 9 + Lenalidomida-dexamethasone x 9 | Active Comparator | Bortezomib-melfalán-prednisone. Melfalán: 9mg/m2D1-4. Prednisone: 60mg/m2D1-4. Bortezomib: 1.3mg/m2 One 6 week cycleD1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29 and 32; followed by eight4-week cycleD1, 8, 15 and 22 Lenalidomida-dexametasona at low dose |
|
| Carfilzomib-lenalidomida-dexamethasone regimen | Experimental | carfilzomib: 1 st cycle: 20mg/m2 day 1 and 36 mg/m2 days 2, 8, 9 & 15, 16. 2nd cycle: 36 mg/m2 days 1, 2, 8, 9 & 15, 16. Cycles 3-18: 56 mg/m2 days 1, 8 & 15.Lenalidomida: 25 mg, d1-21 Dexamethasone : 40 mg, d1, 8, 15, 2218 28-day cycle |
|
| Carfilzomib-lenalidomida-dexamethason with daratumumab | Experimental | Carfilzomib: 1 st cycle: 20mg/m2 day 1 and 36 mg/m2 days 2, 8, 9 & 15, 16. 2nd cycle: 36 mg/m2 days 1, 2, 8, 9 & 15, 16. Cycles 3-18: 56 mg/m2 days 1, 8 & 15. Lenalidomida: 25 mg, d1-21 Dexamethasone: 40 mg, d1, 8, 15, 22. Daratumumab 1800mg SC Days 1, 8, 15, 22 of cycles 1-2; Days 1 and 15 of cycles 3 and 4; Day 1 of cycles 5 to 18 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide. | Drug | Lenalidomide |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Efficacy in terms of numbers of compleat responses | Rate of immunophenotypic complete responses at 18 months, of the standard treatment in Spain for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients not candidates to stem cell transplantation, | 18 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
For secretory Multiple Myeloma, measurable disease is defined as the presence of quantifiable monoclonal component, ≥ 0.5 g/dL or, the urine light chains excretion is 200 mg/24h or higher.
For poor secretory or non secretory Multiple Myeloma, the level of the affected serum free light chain must be ≥ 10 mg/dL (≥ 100 mg/L, with an abnormal free light-chain ratio)
Platelet count ≥ 50000/mm3, hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dl and absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1000/mm3. Lower values are allowed only if they are due to BM infiltration.
Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 x Upper Limit of Normal.
Total bilirubin: ≤2 x Upper Limit of Normal. Serum creatinine ≤ 2 mg/dl. Calcium ≤14mg/dl or corrected serum calcium ≤14mg/dl in patients whose albumin level is out of range Left ventricle ejection fraction ≥ 40%
NOTE: Given the age of patients to be included on this Clinical Trial (between 65 and 80 years, both included), there is no possibility of Females of Childbearing Potential (FCBP), therefore the Pregnancy Prevention Program (annex 12) has been modified accordingly.
Exclusion Criteria:
Myocardial infarction within the 6 months prior to inclusion in the clinical trial A NYHA functional class III-IV, heart failure, uncontrolled angina, uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia or acute ischemia detected electrocardiographically or conduction system anomalies.
History of significant neurological or psychiatric disorders. Active infection. Significant non-neoplastic liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis, active chronic hepatitis).
Poorly controlled arterial hypertension. Any serious medical condition or psychiatric illness that would interfere in understanding of the informed consent form.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jesús F San Miguel | Clínica Universidad de Navarra | Study Chair |
| Joan Blade, Dr | Hospital Clinic of Barcelona | Study Chair |
| Juan Jose Lahuerta, Dr | Hospital 12 de Octubre | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña | A Coruña | Spain | ||||
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40769684 | Derived | Mateos MV, Paiva B, Cedena MT, Puig N, Sureda-Balari AM, de la Calle VG, Oriol A, Ocio EM, Rosinol L, Montes YG, Bargay J, Garcia MEG, Lakhwani S, Payer AR, Suarez-Cabrera A, Blanchard MJ, Garzon S, Montero FC, Cabanas V, de Oteyza JP, Gironella M, Martinez-Lopez J, Casasus AIT, Delgado-Beltran MP, Prieto E, Lahuerta JJ, Blade J, San-Miguel J. Induction therapy with bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone followed by lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab in older, fit patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (GEM-2017FIT): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre, randomised clinical trial. Lancet Haematol. 2025 Aug;12(8):e588-e598. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(25)00143-7. |
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| Carfilzomib | Drug | Carfilzomib |
|
| Bortezomib | Drug | Bortezomib |
|
| Daratumumab | Drug | Daratumumab |
|
| Dexamethasone | Drug | Dexamethasone |
|
| Prednisone | Drug | Prednisone |
|
| Melphalan | Drug | Melphalan |
|
| Albacete |
| Spain |
| Hospital General Universitario de Alicante | Alicante | Spain |
| Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (ICO Badalona) | Badalona | Spain |
| Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona | Barcelona | Spain |
| Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau | Barcelona | Spain |
| Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron | Barcelona | Spain |
| ICO L´Hospitalet | Barcelona | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Cruces | Bilbao | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario de Cáceres | Cáceres | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Regional Reina Sofía | Córdoba | Spain |
| Hospital de Cabueñes | Gijón | Spain |
| Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta (ICO Girona) | Girona | Spain |
| Hospital de Especialidades de Jerez de la Frontera | Jerez de la Frontera | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Spain |
| Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León | León | Spain |
| Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida | Lleida | Spain |
| Hospital San Pedro | Logroño | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Lucus Augusti | Lugo | Spain |
| Hospital 12 de octubre | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital clínico San Carlos | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Ramón y Cajal | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de la Princesa | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario La Paz | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Madrid Sanchinarro | Madrid | Spain |
| HU Gregorio Marañón | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital San Joan de Deu (Althaia) | Manresa | Spain |
| Hospital Costa del Sol | Málaga | Spain |
| Hospital Virgen de la Victoria | Málaga | Spain |
| Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca | Murcia | Spain |
| Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer | Murcia | Spain |
| Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía | Murcia | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias | Oviedo | Spain |
| Hospital Son Llatzer | Palma de Mallorca | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Son Espases | Palma de Mallorca | Spain |
| Clinica Universitaria de Navarra | Pamplona | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra | Pamplona | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra | Pontevedra | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Salamanca | Salamanca | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Donostia | San Sebastián | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria | Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Canarias | Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla | Santander | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago | Santiago de Compostela | Spain |
| Hospital General de Segovia | Segovia | Spain |
| H. Universitario Virgen de Rocío | Seville | Spain |
| Hospital Nuestra Señona de Valme | Seville | Spain |
| Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona | Tarragona | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo (Virgen de la Salud) | Toledo | Spain |
| Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia | Valencia | Spain |
| Hospital Universitari i Politecnic la Fe | Valencia | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset Aleixandre | Valencia | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo | Vigo | Spain |
| Hospital Txagorritxu | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Spain |
| Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa | Zaragoza | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet | Zaragoza | Spain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077269 | Lenalidomide |
| C524865 | carfilzomib |
| D000069286 | Bortezomib |
| C556306 | daratumumab |
| D003907 | Dexamethasone |
| D011241 | Prednisone |
| D008558 | Melphalan |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010797 | Phthalimides |
| D010795 | Phthalic Acids |
| D000146 | Acids, Carbocyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D010881 | Piperidones |
| D010880 | Piperidines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D054833 | Isoindoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D001897 | Boronic Acids |
| D000148 | Acids, Noncarboxylic |
| D000143 | Acids |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D001896 | Boron Compounds |
| D011719 | Pyrazines |
| D011246 | Pregnadienetriols |
| D011245 | Pregnadienes |
| D011278 | Pregnanes |
| D013256 | Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D013259 | Steroids, Fluorinated |
| D011244 | Pregnadienediols |
| D009588 | Nitrogen Mustard Compounds |
| D009150 | Mustard Compounds |
| D006846 | Hydrocarbons, Halogenated |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D010649 | Phenylalanine |
| D024322 | Amino Acids, Aromatic |
| D000598 | Amino Acids, Cyclic |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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