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The study was terminated prematurely due to slow inclusion rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Vastra Gotaland Region | OTHER_GOV |
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The study evaluates the combined effect of optimized pharmacological treatment, spinal cord stimulation and physiotherapy on pain relief, health-related quality of life and physical function in patients with neuropathic pain. All patients will receive optimized pharmacological treatment before start of spinal cord stimulation treatment. Half of the participants will be randomized to physiotherapy before start of spinal cord stimulation treatment while the other half will start physiotherapy after spinal cord stimulation treatment.
Previous studies have indicated that almost half of the patients with moderate-severe pain receive inadequate pain relief. Neuropathic pain is a common pain condition, affecting 1.5-8% of the population. Conventional pharmacological treatment reduces pain but is often insufficient. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is associated with improved pain relief and health-related quality of life compared to conventional medical management. Despite SCS treatment, only half of the patients report >50% pain relief. Other studies have indicated that active, specific physiotherapy led by professionals reduces pain in chronic pain conditions. The aim of the study is to access the combined effect of optimized pharmacological treatment, SCS and physiotherapy on pain relief, health-related quality of life and physical function in patients with neuropathic pain. Furthermore, the study evaluates when it is most effective to start the physiotherapy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) | Active Comparator | Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
|
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| Physiotherapy | Active Comparator | Physiotherapy
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) | Device | SCS for treatment of neuropathic pain |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity according to numeric rating scale (NRS) | Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain. | 3 months after implantation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity according to NRS | Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain. | 9 months after implantation |
| Pain intensity according to NRS |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety, depression | Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Paulin Andréll, MD, PhD | Göteborgs Universitet/Västra Götalandsregionen | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital | Gothenburg | 416 50 | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41503863 | Derived | Gottfridsson R, Varkey E, Wolf A, Gatzinsky K, Liljencrantz J, Thorn SE, Borjesson M, Arvidsson D, Andrell P. Effects of spinal cord stimulation on pain, physical activity, and self-efficacy among patients with neuropathic pain. Pain Manag. 2026 Mar;16(3):185-199. doi: 10.1080/17581869.2025.2608572. Epub 2026 Jan 7. | |
| 34854473 | Derived |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Project description in Swedish | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009437 | Neuralgia |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D062187 | Spinal Cord Stimulation |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004599 | Electric Stimulation Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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Care Provider and Participants ar not masked. Data analysis of accelerometer data is masked (outcome assessor).
| Physiotherapy | Other | Physiotherapy 2 hours/week with physiotherapist and physical activity counseling for treatment of neuropathic pain |
|
Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain. |
| 6 months after implantation |
| Pain intensity according to NRS | Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain. | 12 months after implantation |
| Pain intensity according to NRS | Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain. | 15 months after implantation |
| Pain intensity according to NRS | Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain. | 21 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36 | Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life. | 3 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36 | Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life. | 6 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36 | Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life. | 9 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36 | Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life. | 12 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36 | Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life. | 15 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36 | Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life. | 21 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D | Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. | 3 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D | Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. | 6 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D | Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. | 9 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D | Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. | 12 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D | Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. | 15 months after implantation |
| Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D | Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. | 21 months after implantation |
| Physical activity | Assessed with accelerometer | 3 months |
| Physical activity | Assessed with accelerometer | 6 months |
| Physical activity | Assessed with accelerometer | 9 months |
| Physical activity | Assessed with accelerometer | 12 months |
| Physical activity | Assessed with accelerometer | 15 months |
| Physical activity | Assessed with accelerometer | 21 months |
| Return to work | Number of patients who return to work part time or full time. | 9 months |
| Return to work | Number of patients who return to work part time or full time. | 21 months |
| Days of sick-leave | Number of days of sick-leave | 9 months |
| Days of sick-leave | Number of days of sick-leave | 21 months |
| Medicine consumption | Number of pills and dosage. | 9 months |
| Medicine consumption | Number of pills and dosage. | 21 months |
| Number of hospital and primary care visits | Number of hospital and primary care visits | 9 months |
| Number of hospital and primary care visits | Number of hospital and primary care visits | 21 months |
| Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS | Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable"). | 3 months after implantation |
| Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS | Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable"). | 6 months after implantation |
| Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS | Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable"). | 9 months after implantation |
| Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS | Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable"). | 12 months after implantation |
| Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS | Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable"). | 15 months after implantation |
| Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS | Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable"). | 21 months after implantation |
| 3 months after implantation |
| Anxiety, depression | Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression. | 6 months after implantation |
| Anxiety, depression | Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression. | 9 months after implantation |
| Anxiety, depression | Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression. | 12 months after implantation |
| Anxiety, depression | Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression. | 15 months after implantation |
| Anxiety, depression | Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression. | 21 months after implantation |
| Physical activity | Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports. | 3 months after implantations |
| Physical activity | Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports. | 6 months after implantations |
| Physical activity | Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports. | 9 months after implantations |
| Physical activity | Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports. | 12 months after implantations |
| Physical activity | Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports. | 15 months after implantations |
| Physical activity | Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports. | 21 months after implantations |
| Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. | 3 months after implantation |
| Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. | 6 months after implantation |
| Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. | 9 months after implantation |
| Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. | 12 months after implantation |
| Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. | 15 months after implantation |
| Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. | 21 months after implantation |
| Kinesiophobia | Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia. | 3 months |
| Kinesiophobia | Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia. | 6 months |
| Kinesiophobia | Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia. | 9 months |
| Kinesiophobia | Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia. | 12 months |
| Kinesiophobia | Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia. | 15 months |
| Kinesiophobia | Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia. | 21 months |
| Self-efficacy: A-SES-S | Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms". | 3 months |
| Self-efficacy: A-SES-S | Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms". | 6 months |
| Self-efficacy | Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms". | 9 months |
| Self-efficacy: A-SES-S | Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms". | 12 months |
| Self-efficacy: A-SES-S | Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms". | 15 months |
| Self-efficacy: A-SES-S | Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms". | 21 months |
| Self-efficacy for exercise | Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome. | 3 months |
| Self-efficacy for exercise | Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome. | 6 months |
| Self-efficacy for exercise | Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome. | 9 months |
| Self-efficacy for exercise | Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome. | 12 months |
| Self-efficacy for exercise | Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome. | 15 months |
| Self-efficacy for exercise | Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome. | 21 months |
| O'Connell NE, Ferraro MC, Gibson W, Rice AS, Vase L, Coyle D, Eccleston C. Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 2;12(12):CD013756. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013756.pub2. |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |