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In this study, the subjects are divided into two groups (group I: intervention group = the nasotracheal tube inserted with the bevel of the nasal tube facing the direction of the patient's head, and Group II: conventional group = the bevel of the tube toward the left side of the subject). After the endotracheal tube is introduced, a flexible endoscope is used to evaluate whether the tube is located below the inferior turbinate, i.e. in the lower pathway.
Primary outcome
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| intervention group | Active Comparator | In the intervention group, a nasotracheal tube is inserted into the nostril with the bevel of the tube facing the cephalad direction of the patient. |
|
| conventional group | Active Comparator | In the conventional group, a nasotracheal tube is inserted in a usual way, i.e., with the bevel of the tube facing the left side of the patient. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bevel facing the cephalad direction of the patient | Procedure | The bevel of the nasotracheal tube facing cephalad direction of the patient |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| incidence of the tube in lower pathway | incidence of tracheal tube passing through the lower pathway (beneath the inferior turbinate and immediately above the nasal floor of the nostril) | right after completion of the intubation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| intubation time | time to complete endotracheal intubation | from the start of the intubation to the completion of the intubation, which is confirmed by the appearance of end-tidal CO2 curve, up to 60 seconds |
| incidence and severity of epistaxis |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Hospital | Seoul | 07061 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33009189 | Derived | Won D, Kim H, Chang JE, Lee JM, Min SW, Jung J, Yang HJ, Hwang JY, Kim TK. Effect of bevel direction on the tracheal tube pathway during nasotracheal intubation: A randomised trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021 Feb 1;38(2):157-163. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001347. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004844 | Epistaxis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009668 | Nose Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
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| Bevel facing leftward of the patient | Procedure | The bevel of the nasotracheal tube facing the left side of the patient |
|
incidence and severity of epistaxis
| right after completion of the intubation |
| D010335 |
| Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012818 | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |