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Aims: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical lidocaine in relieving pain related to INM administration.
Design: This was a blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sixty-three uncooperative children, aged 4 - 11.
Background and Aims: The use of intranasal midazolam (INM) has been commonly associated with a burning sensation of the nasal mucosa. However, despite its significance, this subject has received little adequate research focus. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical lidocaine in relieving pain related to INM administration.
Design: This was a blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sixty-three uncooperative children, aged 4 - 11, were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive the drug nasally via a pre-calibrated spray as per the following assignments:
A: received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam, B: received lidocaine 2% prior to 0.5 mg/kg midazolam.
C: received saline 9% (placebo), 0.5mg/kg. Children were asked to record the degree of pain using Wong-Baker-Faces- (WBFS) Scale.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| A (Midazolam) | Active Comparator | 21 children received 0.5 mg/kg intranasal medication (midazolam), with a maximum dose of 10 mg, via a spray of 0.2 ml per puff, administering the drug was alternated between the two nostrils of the child. |
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| B (Lidocaine-Midazolam) | Experimental | 21 children received a puff of lidocaine 2% in each nostril, after 60 seconds, they received 0.5 mg/kg intranasal medication (midazolam),administering the drug was alternated between the two nostrils of the child, with a maximum dose of 10 mg via a spray of 0.2 ml per puff. |
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| C (Placebo) | Placebo Comparator | 21 children received intranasal medication (saline 9% as placebo), 0.5 mg/kg, with a maximum dose of 10 mg via a spray of 0.2 ml per puff,administering the drug was alternated between the two nostrils of the child. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Midazolam | Drug | Patients received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam, with a maximum dose of 10 mg, Immediately following the administration, the child was asked to record the score of pain on the self reporting pain scale, WBFS. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Pain Scores on the Wong Baker Faces Scale for pain assessment when administering midazolam alone, saline or midazolam premidicated with lidocaine . | The use of intranasal midazolam is associated with a burning sensation of the nasal mucosa, the pain was assessed using a self report pain scale Wong Baker Faces Scale, the degree of pain is determined by choosing a score of (0-2-4-6-8-10) (minimum score 0, means no pain, maximum score 10, means the drug hurts worst, higher scores are worse) the scores were reported by children received intranasal midazolam alone, intranasal midazolam preceded by intranasal lidocaine or intranasal saline (placebo). | one to five minutes following the administration. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nabih Raslan, Dr. | Tishreen University | Study Chair |
| Walaa Khalil, Dr. | Tishreen University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tishreen University | Latakia | Syria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27739142 | Result | Smith D, Cheek H, Denson B, Pruitt CM. Lidocaine Pretreatment Reduces the Discomfort of Intranasal Midazolam Administration: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2017 Feb;24(2):161-167. doi: 10.1111/acem.13115. Epub 2017 Jan 30. |
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up to date, there is no decision about IPD sharing.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010292 | Paresthesia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020886 | Somatosensory Disorders |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008874 | Midazolam |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001569 | Benzodiazepines |
| D001552 | Benzazepines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
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blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial, comparing three groups.
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The participant was blinded, the first assistant who explained the pain scale to the participants and asked him\her to record the score of pain associated with the drug administration was also blinded.
|
| Lidocaine-Midazolam | Drug | Patients received a puff of lidocaine 2% in each nostril, after 60 seconds, they received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam, with a maximum dose of 10 mg. , Immediately following the administration, the child was asked to record the score of pain on the self reporting pain scale, WBFS. |
|
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| Placebo | Drug | Patients received saline 9% (placebo), 0.5 mg/kg, with a maximum dose of 10 mg, Immediately following the administration, the child was asked to record the score of pain on the self reporting pain scale, WBFS. |
|
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| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |