Effectiveness of Triple Therapy in COPD

Comparative Effectiveness of Triple Therapy in COPD: A New-user Cohort Study

To assess the effectiveness of maintenance treatment of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with the Long-acting beta2-agonist - long-acting muscarinic antagonists-inhaled corticosteroids (LABA-LAMA-ICS) combination with a LABA-LAMA combination on the risk of COPD exacerbation and the safety on the incidence of community acquired pneumonia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• New users of long-acting bronchodilators, Long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) on the same date or of LABA, LAMA and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), either as a fixed-dose combination (LABA-ICS) or free combination, on the same date between January 2002 and December 2016.
• Diagnosis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prior to first maintenance inhaler and age ≥ 55 years at first maintenance inhaler.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Less than one year of medical history information prior to the date of combined treatment initiation (study cohort entry)
• Asthma diagnosis prior to study cohort entry