Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The purpose of this study is to help us better understand what kinds of waterpipe tobacco advertisements appeal to young adults as well as to help evaluate and create health warnings that can be placed on waterpipe tobacco advertisements to inform young adults of the risks associated with smoking hookah tobacco.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social Allure Ads | Active Comparator | Described below is Phase 3. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were small pilots used to inform and select study stimuli. Phase 3 was the larger randomized controlled online trial testing effects of warnings on social allure ads.. Participants were randomized to one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs. Within the latter two groups, participants were then randomized with equal probability to view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text or text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. Participants in the ads only arm, only viewed two ads without replacement. |
|
| Product Ads | Active Comparator | Described below is Phase 3. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were small pilots used to inform and select study stimuli. Phase 3 was the larger randomized controlled online trial testing effects of warnings of product ads. Participants were first randomized to one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs. Within the latter two groups, participants were then randomized with equal probability to view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text or text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads that represented a flavored tobacco product or a waterpipe apparatus. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a product ad Participants in the ads only arm, only viewed two product ads without replacement. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ads Only | Behavioral | Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional Reactions to Ads | Participants rated on 7-point bipolar scales the extent each ad made them feel not at all anxious/very anxious, not at all worried/very worried, not at all fearful/very fearful and good /bad. Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. Mean scores range from 1 to 7 where higher mean values represent more negative emotional reactions to viewing the ad. | up to 45 minutes |
| Attitudes Toward Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) as Measured by Questionnaire | Participant rated on 9-point bipolar scale an ad's portrayal of WTS. The five attributes that tapped cognitions were: safe/unsafe, healthy/unhealthy, useful/useless, harmful/beneficial, and wise/foolish. The five attributes that captured affect were: pleasant/unpleasant, nice/nasty, enjoyable/not enjoyable, satisfying/unsatisfying, gratifying/revolting. Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. The mean scores could range from 1 to 7 where a higher mean score reflects a more negative attitude towards WTS. | up to 45 minutes |
| Reactance to Ads | Two items from the University of North Carolina (UNC) short reactance scale were asked from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree: "This ad is trying to manipulate me", and "This ad annoys me." Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. Mean scores can range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflect higher reactance, meaning that participants felt more reactance (e.g., felt their freedoms were being taken away). | up to 45 minutes |
| Perceived Effectiveness of Health Warnings | Participants used a three-item measure as a gestalt assessment of how well an ad dissuaded WTS. The three items, rated from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree were: "This ad discourages me from wanting to smoke waterpipe tobacco", "This ad makes me concerned about the health effects of smoking waterpipe tobacco", and "This ad makes smoking waterpipe tobacco seem unpleasant to me". Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. The mean score could ranged from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects that the ad was more effective at dissuading WTS. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Risk as Measured by Questionnaire | Participants responded to three questions tapping perceived personal risk, "What do you think is your chance of getting a serious smoking-related disease in your lifetime, such as cancer, lung disease or heart disease, if you do not quit waterpipe tobacco smoking?" (1=No chance to 7=Certain to happen), "How worried are you about getting a serious smoking-related disease in your lifetime, such as cancer, lung disease, or heart disease, if you do not quit waterpipe tobacco smoking?" (1=Not at all worried to 7=Extremely worried, and "Your 'gut feeling' tells you that you are hurting your health when you smoke waterpipe tobacco?" (1=Strongly disagree to 7=Strongly agree). Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. Mean scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects a higher overall belief that one is at higher risk for the negative health effects of smoking waterpipe tobacco. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Isaac Lipkus, PhD | Duke University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke University | Durham | North Carolina | 27710 | United States |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Participants were randomized to one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs within the Social Allure Ads and Product Ads groups.
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Social Allure Ads Only | Behavioral: Ads Only Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. |
| FG001 | Social Allure Ads With Text-only Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. |
| FG002 | Social Allure Ads With Text + Graphic Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. |
| FG003 | Product Ads Only | Behavioral: Ads Only Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. |
| FG004 | Product Ads With Text-only Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. |
| FG005 | Product Ads With Text + Graphic Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Participants who completed the study. Baseline Characteristics information was collected prior to further stratification into one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Social Allure Ads | Participants were randomized to one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs within the Social Allure Ads group. Behavioral: Ads Only Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Emotional Reactions to Ads | Participants rated on 7-point bipolar scales the extent each ad made them feel not at all anxious/very anxious, not at all worried/very worried, not at all fearful/very fearful and good /bad. Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. Mean scores range from 1 to 7 where higher mean values represent more negative emotional reactions to viewing the ad. | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
Up to one hour
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Social Allure Ads Only | Behavioral: Ads Only Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isaac Lipkus Reiner, Ph.D. | Duke University | 919-668-2348 | isaac.lipkus@duke.edu |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 7, 2018 | Mar 24, 2022 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073867 | Water Pipe Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073868 | Pipe Smoking |
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) | Behavioral | Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad. |
|
| Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) | Behavioral | Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad. |
|
| up to 45 minutes |
| Ad Effect on Desire to Smoke | Participants were asked, "To what extent did this ad affect your desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco?" from 1=Reduced my desire a lot to 7=Increased my desire a lot. Mean scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects that the ad increased a participant's desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco. | up to 45 minutes |
| Ad Effect on Event Participation | Participants who completed the social allure study were asked, "If the activities in the ad were to take place in a location near you, how likely are you to participate in those activities?". Response options were: 1=No chance, 2=Very unlikely, 3=Unlikely, 4=Moderately likely, 5=Likely, 6=Very Likely, and 7=Certain to happen. Mean scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects a higher probability that the participant would participate in the event depicted in the ad. | up to 45 minutes |
| Ad Effect on Product Purchase | Participants who completed the social allure study were asked, "How likely are you to buy the product in the ad?". Response options were: 1=No chance, 2=Very unlikely, 3=Unlikely, 4=Moderately likely, 5=Likely, 6=Very Likely, and 7=Certain to happen. Means scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects that the study participant would have a higher probability of purchasing the product depicted in the ad. | up to 45 minutes |
| up to 45 minutes |
| Global Attitude on Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) | Four 7-point bipolar scales tapped views on WTS: negative/positive, dislike/like, bad/good, undesirable/desirable. Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. The mean scores range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflect a more positive overall attitudes towards smoking waterpipe tobacco. | up to 45 minutes |
| Urge to Smoke | Assessed from 1=Not at all strong to 7=Extremely strong by, "How strong is your urge to smoke waterpipe tobacco right now?" Mean scores range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects the participant had a stronger urge to smoke waterpipe tobacco. | up to 45 minutes |
| Avoidance / Acceptance of Health Warnings as Measured by Eye Tracking | Participants were going to be positioned to view several ads, and with an apparatus, track their visual movements. | up to one hour |
| BG001 | Product Ads | Participants were randomized to one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs within the Product Ads group. Behavioral: Ads Only Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad.
| OG002 | Social Allure Ads With Text + Graphic Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. |
| OG003 | Product Ads Only | Behavioral: Ads Only Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. |
| OG004 | Product Ads With Text-only Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. |
| OG005 | Product Ads With Text + Graphic Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. |
|
|
| Primary | Attitudes Toward Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) as Measured by Questionnaire | Participant rated on 9-point bipolar scale an ad's portrayal of WTS. The five attributes that tapped cognitions were: safe/unsafe, healthy/unhealthy, useful/useless, harmful/beneficial, and wise/foolish. The five attributes that captured affect were: pleasant/unpleasant, nice/nasty, enjoyable/not enjoyable, satisfying/unsatisfying, gratifying/revolting. Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. The mean scores could range from 1 to 7 where a higher mean score reflects a more negative attitude towards WTS. | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Primary | Reactance to Ads | Two items from the University of North Carolina (UNC) short reactance scale were asked from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree: "This ad is trying to manipulate me", and "This ad annoys me." Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. Mean scores can range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflect higher reactance, meaning that participants felt more reactance (e.g., felt their freedoms were being taken away). | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Primary | Perceived Effectiveness of Health Warnings | Participants used a three-item measure as a gestalt assessment of how well an ad dissuaded WTS. The three items, rated from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree were: "This ad discourages me from wanting to smoke waterpipe tobacco", "This ad makes me concerned about the health effects of smoking waterpipe tobacco", and "This ad makes smoking waterpipe tobacco seem unpleasant to me". Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. The mean score could ranged from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects that the ad was more effective at dissuading WTS. | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Primary | Ad Effect on Desire to Smoke | Participants were asked, "To what extent did this ad affect your desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco?" from 1=Reduced my desire a lot to 7=Increased my desire a lot. Mean scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects that the ad increased a participant's desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco. | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Primary | Ad Effect on Event Participation | Participants who completed the social allure study were asked, "If the activities in the ad were to take place in a location near you, how likely are you to participate in those activities?". Response options were: 1=No chance, 2=Very unlikely, 3=Unlikely, 4=Moderately likely, 5=Likely, 6=Very Likely, and 7=Certain to happen. Mean scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects a higher probability that the participant would participate in the event depicted in the ad. | Only applicable to social allure ad participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Primary | Ad Effect on Product Purchase | Participants who completed the social allure study were asked, "How likely are you to buy the product in the ad?". Response options were: 1=No chance, 2=Very unlikely, 3=Unlikely, 4=Moderately likely, 5=Likely, 6=Very Likely, and 7=Certain to happen. Means scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects that the study participant would have a higher probability of purchasing the product depicted in the ad. | Only applicable to product ad participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceived Risk as Measured by Questionnaire | Participants responded to three questions tapping perceived personal risk, "What do you think is your chance of getting a serious smoking-related disease in your lifetime, such as cancer, lung disease or heart disease, if you do not quit waterpipe tobacco smoking?" (1=No chance to 7=Certain to happen), "How worried are you about getting a serious smoking-related disease in your lifetime, such as cancer, lung disease, or heart disease, if you do not quit waterpipe tobacco smoking?" (1=Not at all worried to 7=Extremely worried, and "Your 'gut feeling' tells you that you are hurting your health when you smoke waterpipe tobacco?" (1=Strongly disagree to 7=Strongly agree). Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. Mean scores could range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects a higher overall belief that one is at higher risk for the negative health effects of smoking waterpipe tobacco. | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Global Attitude on Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) | Four 7-point bipolar scales tapped views on WTS: negative/positive, dislike/like, bad/good, undesirable/desirable. Reported as a composite score created by averaging the items. The mean scores range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflect a more positive overall attitudes towards smoking waterpipe tobacco. | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Urge to Smoke | Assessed from 1=Not at all strong to 7=Extremely strong by, "How strong is your urge to smoke waterpipe tobacco right now?" Mean scores range from 1 to 7. A higher mean score reflects the participant had a stronger urge to smoke waterpipe tobacco. | Participants who completed the study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | up to 45 minutes |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Avoidance / Acceptance of Health Warnings as Measured by Eye Tracking | Participants were going to be positioned to view several ads, and with an apparatus, track their visual movements. | This outcome measure required participants meeting in person with a lab researcher. However, due to COVID, where a policy was implemented on campus to not allow in-person visits for research studies, this was not possible. Hence, no data were collected and will not be collected in the future. | Posted | up to one hour |
|
|
| 0 |
| 300 |
| 0 |
| 300 |
| 0 |
| 300 |
| EG001 | Social Allure Ads With Text-only Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. | 0 | 602 | 0 | 602 | 0 | 602 |
| EG002 | Social Allure Ads With Text + Graphic Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. | 0 | 598 | 0 | 598 | 0 | 598 |
| EG003 | Product Ads Only | Behavioral: Ads Only Participants will view 2 ads without replacement. | 0 | 201 | 0 | 201 | 0 | 201 |
| EG004 | Product Ads With Text-only Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. | 0 | 402 | 0 | 402 | 0 | 402 |
| EG005 | Product Ads With Text + Graphic Health Warning Labels (HWLs) | Behavioral: Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four product ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different product ad. | 0 | 401 | 0 | 401 | 0 | 401 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided