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The purpose of this research study is to determine how well the local anesthetic, liposomal bupivacaine, controls postoperative pain after mastectomy and breast reconstruction.
Eligible subjects will be identified prior to surgery. On the day of surgery, each patient will be randomized to be in either Local infiltration of bupivacaine OR liposomal bupivacaine. Study will be double blinded to patients and Investigators. Patients assigned to the local infiltration with bupivacaine group will receive a total 60 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 30 ml delivered to each breast. Patients assigned to the local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine will receive a total of 20 ml liposomal bupivacaine (266 mg) with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 30 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride. These injections will occur at the end of the mastectomy and prior to the insertion of the tissue expander implant. After this intraoperative injection, patients will not receive any more doses of local anesthetics.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine Group | Experimental | Participants will be randomized to the Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction |
|
| Liposomal Bupivacaine Group | Experimental | Participants will be randomized to the Liposomal Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine | Drug | While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Visual Analog Scores | This will be measured every 12 hours for the first 48 hours postoperatively by the level of breast pain associated with arm movements while eating on a scale of 0-10 with higher scores denoting worse outcomes. | 48 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area Under the Curve Visual Analog Scores (Submuscular Augmentation Mammoplasty) | This will be measured during first 48 hours postoperatively | 48 hours |
| Number of Morphine Doses Across All Subjects |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Christopher M Runyan, MD | Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Winston-Salem | North Carolina | 27157 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24691330 | Background | Lovecchio F, Jordan SW, Lim S, Fine NA, Kim JY. Risk Factors for Complications Differ Between Stages of Tissue-Expander Breast Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2015 Sep;75(3):275-80. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000109. | |
| 26090281 | Background | Butz DR, Shenaq DS, Rundell VL, Kepler B, Liederbach E, Thiel J, Pesce C, Murphy GS, Sisco M, Howard MA. Postoperative Pain and Length of Stay Lowered by Use of Exparel in Immediate, Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Jun 5;3(5):e391. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000355. eCollection 2015 May. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Bupivacaine Group | Participants will be randomized to the Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction Bupivacaine: While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
| FG001 | Liposomal Bupivacaine Group | Participants will be randomized to the Liposomal Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction Liposomal Bupivacaine: While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to Liposomal Bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Bupivacaine Group | Participants will be randomized to the Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction Bupivacaine: While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Mean Visual Analog Scores | This will be measured every 12 hours for the first 48 hours postoperatively by the level of breast pain associated with arm movements while eating on a scale of 0-10 with higher scores denoting worse outcomes. | Data was not collected for participant in the Bupicaine group at 24, 36 and 48 hours | Posted | Mean | Full Range | score on a scale | 48 hours |
|
2 months after intervention
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Bupivacaine Group | Participants will be randomized to the Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction Bupivacaine: While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Christopher Runyan | Wake Forest Baptist Health | 336-716-4171 | crunyan@wakehealth.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Aug 28, 2017 | Jun 4, 2020 | Prot_SAP_002.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Nov 14, 2019 | May 8, 2020 | ICF_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059373 | Mastodynia |
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002045 | Bupivacaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
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Women of all races and ethnicity who meet the above-described eligibility criteria are eligible to participate in this study. Approximately 5% of study participants to be Hispanic/Latino (N=5), 10% Black or African American (N=10), 1% American Indian/Alaska Native (N=1), and 5% Asian (N=5).
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|
|
| Liposomal Bupivacaine | Drug | While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to Liposomal Bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
|
|
This will be measured by the number of doses within the first month postoperatively and recorded on pain medication daily diary kept by subject.
| 1 Month |
| Length of Stay for Hospitalization | The length of stay for hospitalization after mastectomy and breast reconstruction will be recorded. | up to 47 Hours |
| Readmission Rates to the Hospital | Readmission rates to the hospital within 2 months after mastectomy and breast reconstruction will be recorded | Month 2 |
| Frequency of Postoperative Opioid Related Adverse Effects | Frequency of postoperative opioid related adverse effects within the first week of surgery will be recorded. This includes nausea, vomiting, pruritus, allergy, respiratory depression. | Postoperatively, 1 week |
| Pain Intensity With Movement | This will be measured by using the Pain Assessment Questionnaire. Total scores are 0-50 with higher scores denoting worse outcomes. | Up to 2 months |
| 25003439 | Background | Ng SK, Hare RM, Kuang RJ, Smith KM, Brown BJ, Hunter-Smith DJ. Breast Reconstruction Post Mastectomy: Patient Satisfaction and Decision Making. Ann Plast Surg. 2016 Jun;76(6):640-4. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000242. |
| 27065661 | Background | Shekhawat L, Busheri L, Dixit S, Patel C, Dhar U, Koppiker C. Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Breast Reconstruction Surgery and Therapeutic Mammoplasty: Prospective Evaluation 1 Year Post-Surgery with BREAST-Q Questionnaire. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2015 Dec;6(4):356-62. doi: 10.1007/s13193-015-0432-x. Epub 2015 Jul 23. |
| 8880841 | Background | Wallace MS, Wallace AM, Lee J, Dobke MK. Pain after breast surgery: a survey of 282 women. Pain. 1996 Aug;66(2-3):195-205. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(96)03064-3. |
| 12877104 | Background | Morrison JE Jr, Jacobs VR. Reduction or elimination of postoperative pain medication after mastectomy through use of a temporarily placed local anesthetic pump vs. control group. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2003 Jan;125(1):17-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-40364. |
| 28032571 | Background | Lee MJ, Daniels SL, Wild JRL, Wilson TR; SYSuRG RAGeS Group. Readmissions after general surgery: a prospective multicenter audit. J Surg Res. 2017 Mar;209:53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.020. Epub 2016 Sep 19. |
| 15579487 | Background | Bonnet F, Marret E. Influence of anaesthetic and analgesic techniques on outcome after surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2005 Jul;95(1):52-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aei038. Epub 2004 Dec 3. |
| 10050980 | Background | Strang P. Cancer pain--a provoker of emotional, social and existential distress. Acta Oncol. 1998;37(7-8):641-4. doi: 10.1080/028418698429973. |
| 25720103 | Background | Zielinski T, Lorenc-Podgorska K, Antoszewski B. Why women who have mastectomy decide not to have breast reconstruction? Pol Przegl Chir. 2015 Feb 3;86(10):451-5. doi: 10.2478/pjs-2014-0081. |
| Background | American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2015). Plastic surgery statistics report. Retrived from https://d2wirczt3b6wjm.cloudfront.net/News/Statistics/2015/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2015.pdf |
| 26947947 | Background | Gassman AA, Yoon AP, Festekjian J, Da Lio AL, Tseng CY, Crisera C. Comparison of immediate postoperative pain in implant-based breast reconstructions. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2016 May;69(5):604-16. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.12.009. Epub 2016 Jan 7. |
| 26204387 | Background | Ilfeld BM, Viscusi ER, Hadzic A, Minkowitz HS, Morren MD, Lookabaugh J, Joshi GP. Safety and Side Effect Profile of Liposome Bupivacaine (Exparel) in Peripheral Nerve Blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 Sep-Oct;40(5):572-82. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000283. |
| 23446090 | Background | Viscusi ER, Sinatra R, Onel E, Ramamoorthy SL. The safety of liposome bupivacaine, a novel local analgesic formulation. Clin J Pain. 2014 Feb;30(2):102-10. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318288e1f6. |
| 26507422 | Background | Khalil KG, Boutrous ML, Irani AD, Miller CC 3rd, Pawelek TR, Estrera AL, Safi HJ. Operative Intercostal Nerve Blocks With Long-Acting Bupivacaine Liposome for Pain Control After Thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015 Dec;100(6):2013-8. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.08.017. Epub 2015 Oct 24. |
| 27156796 | Background | Fayezizadeh M, Majumder A, Neupane R, Elliott HL, Novitsky YW. Efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine during open abdominal wall reconstruction. Am J Surg. 2016 Sep;212(3):399-405. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.12.026. Epub 2016 Apr 12. |
| 18594373 | Background | Rawlani V, Kryger ZB, Lu L, Fine NA. A local anesthetic pump reduces postoperative pain and narcotic and antiemetic use in breast reconstruction surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Jul;122(1):39-52. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181774349. |
| 26704270 | Background | Nadeau MH, Saraswat A, Vasko A, Elliott JO, Vasko SD. Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control after Augmentation Mammaplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. Aesthet Surg J. 2016 Feb;36(2):NP47-52. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjv149. Epub 2015 Dec 23. |
| 22179931 | Background | Smoot JD, Bergese SD, Onel E, Williams HT, Hedden W. The efficacy and safety of DepoFoam bupivacaine in patients undergoing bilateral, cosmetic, submuscular augmentation mammaplasty: a randomized, double-blind, active-control study. Aesthet Surg J. 2012 Jan;32(1):69-76. doi: 10.1177/1090820X11430831. Epub 2011 Dec 16. |
| 23064793 | Background | Coopey SB, Specht MC, Warren L, Smith BL, Winograd JM, Fleischmann K. Use of preoperative paravertebral block decreases length of stay in patients undergoing mastectomy plus immediate reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Apr;20(4):1282-6. doi: 10.1245/s10434-012-2678-7. Epub 2012 Oct 14. |
| 25679946 | Background | Andersen KG, Christensen KB, Kehlet H, Bidstup PE. The Effect of Pain on Physical Functioning After Breast Cancer Treatment: Development and Validation of an Assessment Tool. Clin J Pain. 2015 Sep;31(9):794-802. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000156. |
| 24754798 | Background | Campbell I, Cavanagh S, Creighton J, French R, Banerjee S, Kerr E, Shirley R. To infiltrate or not? Acute effects of local anaesthetic in breast surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2015 May;85(5):353-7. doi: 10.1111/ans.12541. Epub 2014 Apr 22. |
| 24617619 | Background | Byager N, Hansen MS, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. The analgesic effect of wound infiltration with local anaesthetics after breast surgery: a qualitative systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 Apr;58(4):402-10. doi: 10.1111/aas.12287. |
| 21959614 | Background | Zielinski J, Jaworski R, Smietanska I, Irga N, Wujtewicz M, Jaskiewicz J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of preemptive analgesia with bupivacaine in patients undergoing mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. Med Sci Monit. 2011 Oct;17(10):CR589-97. doi: 10.12659/msm.881986. |
| 26277531 | Background | Tam KW, Chen SY, Huang TW, Lin CC, Su CM, Li CL, Ho YS, Wang WY, Wu CH. Effect of wound infiltration with ropivacaine or bupivacaine analgesia in breast cancer surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2015 Oct;22:79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.715. Epub 2015 Aug 12. |
| Background | US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Label Approved on 10/28/2011 for Exparel. US Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration. Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022496s000lbl.pdf |
| 21842428 | Background | Golf M, Daniels SE, Onel E. A phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of DepoFoam(R) bupivacaine (extended-release bupivacaine local analgesic) in bunionectomy. Adv Ther. 2011 Sep;28(9):776-88. doi: 10.1007/s12325-011-0052-y. Epub 2011 Aug 12. |
| 22067185 | Background | Gorfine SR, Onel E, Patou G, Krivokapic ZV. Bupivacaine extended-release liposome injection for prolonged postsurgical analgesia in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011 Dec;54(12):1552-9. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0b013e318232d4c1. |
| Background | US Food and Drug Administration. Marcaine Bupivcacaine HCl Injection Label. US Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/018692s015lbl.pdf |
| BG001 | Liposomal Bupivacaine Group | Participants will be randomized to the Liposomal Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction Liposomal Bupivacaine: While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to Liposomal Bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Liposomal Bupivacaine Group | Participants will be randomized to the Liposomal Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction Liposomal Bupivacaine: While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to Liposomal Bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. |
|
|
| Secondary | Area Under the Curve Visual Analog Scores (Submuscular Augmentation Mammoplasty) | This will be measured during first 48 hours postoperatively | Unable to calculate, data not collected at 48hours for Bupivacaine group or Liposomal Bupivacaine Group. | Posted | 48 hours |
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Morphine Doses Across All Subjects | This will be measured by the number of doses within the first month postoperatively and recorded on pain medication daily diary kept by subject. | Posted | Number | Number of morphine doses | 1 Month |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Length of Stay for Hospitalization | The length of stay for hospitalization after mastectomy and breast reconstruction will be recorded. | Posted | Mean | Full Range | days | up to 47 Hours |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Readmission Rates to the Hospital | Readmission rates to the hospital within 2 months after mastectomy and breast reconstruction will be recorded | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Month 2 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Frequency of Postoperative Opioid Related Adverse Effects | Frequency of postoperative opioid related adverse effects within the first week of surgery will be recorded. This includes nausea, vomiting, pruritus, allergy, respiratory depression. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Postoperatively, 1 week |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Pain Intensity With Movement | This will be measured by using the Pain Assessment Questionnaire. Total scores are 0-50 with higher scores denoting worse outcomes. | Data not collected | Posted | Up to 2 months |
|
|
| 0 |
| 1 |
| 0 |
| 1 |
| 0 |
| 1 |
| EG001 | Liposomal Bupivacaine Group | Participants will be randomized to the Liposomal Bupivacaine Group and receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant based breast reconstruction Liposomal Bupivacaine: While in the operating room,if subject is randomized to Liposomal Bupivacaine, it will be injected into the surgical site. After surgery, oral and IV pain medications will be available to control pain. During the hospital stay, subject will rate pain on pain scales and monitor how much pain medications needed. Once discharged, PI/staff will provide a pain diary to record pain medication use and pain rating (0-10). Subjects will follow up with clinic at regularly scheduled appointment times at 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postoperatively. At those appointments, PI/staff will have subjects bring pain medication diary and fill out a pain assessment and a disability assessment related to recent surgery. | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
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| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D000588 |
| Amines |