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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1R21AG058133-01A1 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
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| National Institute on Aging (NIA) | NIH |
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Certified nursing assistants (CNAs), who provide the majority of care to persons with chronic disease and/or cognitive impairment from Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, face tremendous job and home stress, and as a result absenteeism and job turnover are high. This is a preliminary study that will tailor Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) - a promising new program designed to cultivate greater self-care, and strengthen resilience and coping skills - for the CNA population and study its effectiveness. If results are favorable, MSC could be incorporated into CNA training programs, thereby helping contribute to a more effective and stable long-term care workforce.
U.S. nursing homes (NHs) serve 1.6 million older persons, all of whom have significant physical and/or cognitive impairment, and the majority of whom have Alzheimer's disease or a related cognitive disorder. In these settings the vast majority of hands-on care is provided by an estimated 634,000 certified nursing assistants (CNAs) - paraprofessional caregivers who are racially diverse, largely female, and an annual income equivalent to the poverty threshold for a family of four. Despite the crucial role of CNAs in providing care for the long-term care population and efforts to recruit and retain a stable workforce, absenteeism rates are high and annual turnover averages 65%, with adverse impact on the quality of care provided to NH residents, making CNA retention a policy priority.
CNAs have significant life stressors that affect their ability to work, such as single parenthood, poor physical health, difficulty finding childcare, and transportation problems. They also face emotionally and physically demanding job tasks, particularly when working with persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and many lack helpful strategies for dealing with stress, negative feelings, and burden.
A newly developed, standardized Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) intervention may have particularly high impact and relevance for the high-stress lives of NH CNAs. MSC training has been shown to increase wellbeing, compassion for others, and stress-coping skills. However, little is known about the impact, feasibility and acceptability of MSC training in low-educated, stress-burdened paraprofessional populations such as CNAs, or whether it can impact outcomes such as burnout, absenteeism, and turnover.
This preliminary study will modify, refine, and test a MSC training intervention for CNAs, to be known as the CNA Wellbeing Program, who care for nursing home residents. The researcher teams' goal is to increase CNA coping skills and well-being, thereby reducing intent to leave the job, reducing burnout, and improving job satisfaction and attitudes toward people with dementia. The proposed research will be conducted in 3 similarly rated and structured community NHs. In Aim 1 the investigators will assess intervention feasibility and acceptability in one NH, using the knowledge they gain to tailor an evidence-based MSC program specifically for CNAs. In Aim 2 the investigators will pilot test the MSC training program with 30 CNAs who work in 2 similarly rated and structured NHs, evaluating the fidelity of the revised training and exploring trends in immediate, 3-month, and 6-month outcome measures in order to inform power calculations for future trials.
The specific aims are:
Aim 1. Determine the feasibility, acceptability, and necessary adaptations of MSC training needed to meet the diverse cultural background, limited literacy, and job and family challenges of the nursing home CNA workforce, including the unique challenges of caring for persons with dementia, and of the data collection methods.
Aim 2. Conduct a pilot test of the adapted protocols and intervention in a sample of 30 CNAs from 2 similarly rated and structured community NHs to reexamine feasibility and acceptability, identify trends in key intermediate and long-term outcomes, and estimate effect size in preparation for a future randomized trial.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Experimental | CNAs in Aim 1 will participate in the standardized, 8-week Mindful Self-Compassion course. Each 8-week session will last for 2.5 hours. Also included is a half day retreat, that CNAs may attend if they are able. |
|
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Experimental | CNAs from both nursing homes in Aim 2 will participate in the 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion course, that was shortened and customized to fit the needs of health care staff. Each 6-week session will last for 1 hour. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Behavioral | The 8-week MSC is a course of eight 2.5 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 8-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components:
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | The researchers will assess intent to leave job by asking "How likely is it that you will leave this job in the next year? "Would you say... 1 is Not at All Likely, 2 is Somewhat Likely, 3 is Very Likely." Minimum = 1 (best value), maximum = 3 (worst value). For the primary outcome analysis, intent will be evaluated by totaling the count of participants who responded "Somewhat Likely", "Very likely", or "Not at all likely." This was collected over the course of four time frames: Baseline, End-of Intervention interview, 3-Month Follow Up Interview, and 6-Month Follow Up Interview. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | Job satisfaction will be assessed using the 3-item Job Satisfaction scale (JSS). Responses are provided using a 7-point Likert scale measuring how satisfied respondents are with their job. Minimum score = 0 (worst value). Maximum score = 6 (best value). Range of scores from 0 to 18, with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Philip D Sloane, MD, MPH | University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Chapel Hill | North Carolina | 27599 | United States |
Deidentified individual data that supports the results will be shared beginning 9 to 36 months following publication provided the investigator who proposes to use the data has approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Independent Ethics Committee (IEC), or Research Ethics Board (REB), as applicable, and executes a data use/sharing agreement with UNC.
The data will be shared beginning 9 to 36 months following publication, and will be available for up to 7 years post publication.
To access, interested parties will have to email Drs. Christine Lathren, lathren@email.unc.edu, and Philip D. Sloane, philip_sloane@med.unc.edu, or contact the study team through the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research at (919) 966-5011.
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Participants from all three nursing homes were recruited between March of 2019 and October of 2019. Participants from Nursing Home 1 were recruited in March/April 2019 and participants from Nursing Homes 2 & 3 were recruited in September/October of 2019. Recruitment took place on-site at each nursing home, during staff meetings and shift changes.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | CNAs in Aim 1 will participate in the standardized, 8-week Mindful Self-Compassion course. Each 8-week session will last for 2.5 hours. 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC): The 8-week MSC is a course of eight 2.5 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 8-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components:
|
| FG001 | 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | CNAs from both nursing homes in Aim 2 will participate in the 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion course, that was shortened and customized to fit the needs of health care staff. Each 6-week session will last for 1 hour. 6-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC): The 6-week MSC is a course of six 1 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 6-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components:
This program is a shortened version of the 8-week program, specifically created for the needs of health care staff. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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Analysis population is composed of participants who began intervention.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | CNAs in Aim 1 participated in the standardized, 8-week Mindful Self-Compassion course. Each 8-week session lasted for 2.5 hours. |
| BG001 | 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Analysis population includes participants for whom year of birth was gathered. |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | The researchers will assess intent to leave job by asking "How likely is it that you will leave this job in the next year? "Would you say... 1 is Not at All Likely, 2 is Somewhat Likely, 3 is Very Likely." Minimum = 1 (best value), maximum = 3 (worst value). For the primary outcome analysis, intent will be evaluated by totaling the count of participants who responded "Somewhat Likely", "Very likely", or "Not at all likely." This was collected over the course of four time frames: Baseline, End-of Intervention interview, 3-Month Follow Up Interview, and 6-Month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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Adverse events were collected over the course of the intervention and follow-up interviews. This total time period was 8 months per participant.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | CNAs in Aim 1 will participate in the standardized, 8-week Mindful Self-Compassion course. Each 8-week session will last for 2.5 hours. Also included is a half day retreat, that CNAs may attend if they are able. 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC): The 8-week MSC is a course of eight 2.5 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 8-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components:
|
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicular Accident | Surgical and medical procedures | Systematic Assessment | Participant reported a vehicular accident after the end-of-intervention, during 3-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulled Muscle | Infections and infestations | Systematic Assessment | Participant pulled a side muscle at during work. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philip D. Sloane, MD, MPH | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | +1 (919) 966-4439 | philip_sloane@med.unc.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Mar 18, 2021 | Mar 19, 2021 | Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 8, 2021 | Mar 10, 2021 | SAP_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077062 | Burnout, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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In Aim 1, the 8-week MSC program was conducted with nursing assistants from 1 nursing home to test for feasibility and practicality.
After receiving feedback from participants of Aim 1, in Aim 2, the MSC program will be conducted in 2 nursing homes. Both nursing homes in Aim 2 will receive a shortened 6-week, 1 hour version specific to health care staff, in order to test the feasibility and practicality.
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|
| 6-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Behavioral | The 6-week MSC is a course of six 1 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 6-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components:
|
|
| Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale is an 11-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (worst value) = 1. Maximum score (best value) = 5. Higher values represent a better outcome (range 11-55). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10-item version. Perceived stress is defined as the degree to which individuals find their lives "unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading". Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value)=0. Maximum score (worst value)=4. Higher values represent a worse outcome (range 0 - 40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | PROMIS Emotional Distress Depression - Short Form (PROMIS) is an 8-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value) = 1/Never. Maximum score (worst value) = 5/Always. Lower values represent a better outcome (range 8-40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 5-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 8-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 7-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (worst value, never) = 0. Maximum score (best value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with higher values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF), a 12-item scale that includes the three components of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. This is done using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value). Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0), with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Common humanity Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
| Percent of Classes Attended by Participating CNAs | This will be reported as percent of classes attended by CNAs. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks |
| Percent of Participants Attending All Intervention Sessions | This will be reported by percent of participants who attended every assigned intervention session (6 or 8 depending on intervention arm). | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks |
| Percent Intervention Minutes Attended by Participants | This will be collected by recording the number of minutes each participant spent per class in order to account for intervention missed due to participants' leaving early or coming late, and reporting percent of minutes attended by participants. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks |
| Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Informal Exercise | Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned informal techniques and exercises outside of class hours. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks |
| Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Formal Exercise | Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned formal techniques and exercises outside of class hours. | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks |
| Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The researchers assess satisfaction of the MSC training using an 8-item, 5-point Likert Scale (0 = Strongly Disagree, 1 = Disagree, 2 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 3 = Agree, 4 = Strongly Agree). Minimum = 0 (worst value), maximum = 4 (best value). Measure was assessed during the End-of-Intervention Interview. | At the conclusion of the week 6/8 class, during the End-of-Intervention Interview, participants were asked their satisfaction with the course |
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| Unscheduled Absence Survey: CCH Survey Finds Unscheduled Absenteeism Up in U.S. Workplaces. | View source |
CNAs from both nursing homes in Aim 2 participated in the 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion course, that was shortened and customized to fit the needs of health care staff.
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Mean |
| Standard Deviation |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG000 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) |
CNAs in Aim 1 will participate in the standardized, 8-week Mindful Self-Compassion course. Each 8-week session will last for 2.5 hours. |
| OG001 | 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | CNAs from both nursing homes in Aim 2 will participate in the 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion course, that was shortened and customized to fit the needs of health care staff. |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | Job satisfaction will be assessed using the 3-item Job Satisfaction scale (JSS). Responses are provided using a 7-point Likert scale measuring how satisfied respondents are with their job. Minimum score = 0 (worst value). Maximum score = 6 (best value). Range of scores from 0 to 18, with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale is an 11-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (worst value) = 1. Maximum score (best value) = 5. Higher values represent a better outcome (range 11-55). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10-item version. Perceived stress is defined as the degree to which individuals find their lives "unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading". Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value)=0. Maximum score (worst value)=4. Higher values represent a worse outcome (range 0 - 40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | PROMIS Emotional Distress Depression - Short Form (PROMIS) is an 8-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value) = 1/Never. Maximum score (worst value) = 5/Always. Lower values represent a better outcome (range 8-40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 5-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 8-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 7-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (worst value, never) = 0. Maximum score (best value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with higher values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF), a 12-item scale that includes the three components of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. This is done using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value). Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0), with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Common humanity Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months |
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| Secondary | Percent of Classes Attended by Participating CNAs | This will be reported as percent of classes attended by CNAs. | Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Number | percentage of classes attended by CNAs | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks |
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| Secondary | Percent of Participants Attending All Intervention Sessions | This will be reported by percent of participants who attended every assigned intervention session (6 or 8 depending on intervention arm). | Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Number | percentage of participants | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks |
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| Secondary | Percent Intervention Minutes Attended by Participants | This will be collected by recording the number of minutes each participant spent per class in order to account for intervention missed due to participants' leaving early or coming late, and reporting percent of minutes attended by participants. | Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Number | percentage of intervention minutes | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks |
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| Secondary | Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Informal Exercise | Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned informal techniques and exercises outside of class hours. | Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | days a week | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks |
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| Secondary | Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Formal Exercise | Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned formal techniques and exercises outside of class hours. | Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | days a week | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks |
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| Secondary | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The researchers assess satisfaction of the MSC training using an 8-item, 5-point Likert Scale (0 = Strongly Disagree, 1 = Disagree, 2 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 3 = Agree, 4 = Strongly Agree). Minimum = 0 (worst value), maximum = 4 (best value). Measure was assessed during the End-of-Intervention Interview. | Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | At the conclusion of the week 6/8 class, during the End-of-Intervention Interview, participants were asked their satisfaction with the course |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 11 |
| 0 |
| 11 |
| 0 |
| 11 |
| EG001 | 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | CNAs from both nursing homes in Aim 2 will participate in the 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion course, that was shortened and customized to fit the needs of health care staff. Each 6-week session will last for 1 hour. 6-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC): The 6-week MSC is a course of six 1 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 6-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components:
This program is a shortened version of the 8-week program, specifically created for the needs of health care staff. | 0 | 21 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 21 |
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|
Not provided
Not provided
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
|
| Black or African American |
|
| White |
|
| More than one race |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| Somewhat Likely to Leave Job |
|
| Very Likely to Leave Job |
|
| Somewhat Likely to Leave Job |
|
| Very Likely to Leave Job |
|
| Somewhat Likely to Leave Job |
|
| Very Likely to Leave Job |
|
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.66 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.84 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.34 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.002 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the End-of-Program Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.020 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.090 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.044 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 1.00 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.56 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.16 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.12 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.018 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.88 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.67 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| <0.001 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | <0.001 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.020 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.062 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.001 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.003 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.010 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.085 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| <0.001 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | <0.001 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.14 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.058 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| End-of-Intervention Interview |
|
|
| 3-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
| 6-Month Follow Up Interview |
|
|
As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. |
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| <0.001 |
| Other |
The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 3-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval. | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | <0.001 | Other | The statistical test is a paired test assessing change at the 6-Month Follow Up Interview relative to baseline. |
| Neither Agree nor Disagree |
|
| Agree |
|
| Strongly Agree |
|
| The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. |
|
| Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. |
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| I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. |
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| Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. |
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| Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. |
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| I would suggest this course to a friend. |
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| I find this course to be useful in my daily life. |
|