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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| EIT Health | OTHER |
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This study is looking at whether older people could benefit from an online monitoring platform to support their individual ambitions to maintain or improve functional ability. It is hypothesized this will enable the individual to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. All information can be linked back to the health care professional for official support and intervene when a decline is noticed, in order to prevent frailty from developing. The aim of this study is to find out if providing more support and greater empowerment can help older people improve their functional ability by self-monitoring and personalised interventions.
Participants will be individually randomised using randomisation service on a 1:1 allocation ratio to either group. There will be 4 groups, with differences in the consultation design and online support available.
Participant assessments consists of questionnaires and physical tasks completed during two visits at the university facilities. During the second visit, a one-hour consultation with a health care professional will take place to develop a twelve-week action plan to promote a healthier lifestyle.
Frailty status will be defined from the Fried frailty phenotype criteria. Exercise status will be based on current physical activity levels and the Short Physical Performance Battery score derived from the chair-stands, gait speed and balance assessments.
Participants in the experimental group will receive the assessment, and the consultation will aim to promote to empower them, plus access to the online support platform, termed 'FACET'.
Participants in the empowerment groups are provided with a structured booklet prior to the consultation to help the participant actively contribute to their own intervention programme, whereas in the other groups,the professional will lead the consultation.
Participants in the online support groups are provided with FACET, which will provide a diary of recommended activities to do, assessments to complete, as well as information about healthy lifestyles, diet and physical activity recommendations. Details on the recommended exercises and diet will be provided (including demonstrations and examples, also sourced from reputable websites) via FACET and will enable the participant to engage with them. The exercises require no special equipment and can be performed without professional supervision. Participants will be able to monitor themselves regularly and progress or amend recommendations to tailor their needs. Progress will also be monitored by the initial assessors and these can also amend the recommendations based on participant feedback. In short, FACET enables the participants in these groups to engage with their own intervention, amend it and set their own priorities, goals and targets, emphasising prudent health care principles.
Participants in all groups are followed up after 12 weeks. Assessments will be completed face-to-face at the facilities, or at home, dependent upon the participant's needs.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Professional led with online support | Active Comparator | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. |
|
| Professional led without online support | Active Comparator | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. |
|
| Patient empowered with online support | Experimental | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. |
|
| Patient empowered without online support |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consultation | Behavioral | The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pilot Evaluation - Percentage of Participants Retained at Follow up | Percentage of participants returned at follow up, reflects the ability to recruit and retain participants. Recruitment took place over a period of 3 months, to recruit 42 participants, with a recruitment rate of 14 participants per month. | 3 Months |
| Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) | Scored with the total score ( range of 14-70), and higher scores reflecting better well-being. | 3 months |
| Short Physical Performance Battery | Consists of Walking speed, balance, and chair stand test performance. Scored based on a score of 0-4 on each test, which are then added. A total maximum score of 12 reflecting good physical performance and thus higher scores indicate better outcome.. | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| SNAQ -Dietary Analysis | The SNAQ was used to provide a single outcome variable for this. Was originally: Food diary and urine metabolomics for the ingestion of food components (meats, fish, legumes and fruits), with emphasis on the quantification of the total protein intake. SNAQ: Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire. Scale from 5-25, with higher scores indicating better outcome | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Six Minute Walking Performance | Quantifies the distance able to walk during six minutes | 3 months |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| John Draper, PhD | Aberystwyth University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aberystwyth University | Aberystwyth | Ceredigion | SY23 3FD | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39436684 | Derived | Valdes-Aragones M, Perez-Rodriguez R, Carnicero JA, Moreno-Sanchez PA, Oviedo-Briones M, Villalba-Mora E, Abizanda-Soler P, Rodriguez-Manas L. Effects of Monitoring Frailty Through a Mobile/Web-Based Application and a Sensor Kit to Prevent Functional Decline in Frail and Prefrail Older Adults: FACET (Frailty Care and Well Function) Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2024 Oct 22;26:e58312. doi: 10.2196/58312. |
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One participant was excluded from the study due to baseline disability status and withdrawal after enrolment is not included in this number. A total of 43 were thus reduced to 42.
Four participants were re-allocated to 'no online support' arm due to lack of access to internet. One participant was re-allocated to 'Professional led' arm due to not engaging with Patient Empowered activities prior to second visit.
Recruitment was done via invitation of existing database from our Research Unit, word of mouth and local advertising and promotion.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Professional Led With Online Support | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Online Support: The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. |
| FG001 | Professional Led Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual |
| FG002 | Patient Empowered With Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Online Support: The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. Empowered: Actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation |
| FG003 | Patient Empowered Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Empowered: The participant will be actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation and take co-ownership and responsibility for the action plan. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Two participants removed as part of the analysis as part of the pilot project. One participant was in Patient Empowered with Online Support (lost to follow up), and another one in Professional led without online support (lost to follow up).
Another participant was excluded before group allocation due to not meeting the eligibility criteria identified during the pre-enrolment meeting. In total, 43 participants were recruited.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Professional Led With Online Support | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Online Support: The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Pilot Evaluation - Percentage of Participants Retained at Follow up | Percentage of participants returned at follow up, reflects the ability to recruit and retain participants. Recruitment took place over a period of 3 months, to recruit 42 participants, with a recruitment rate of 14 participants per month. | A total of 105 people were actively approached, but the project was also promoted via word of mouth and public recruitment interactions and flyers in the local area. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 3 Months |
|
Three months, the duration of the intervention and the time between baseline and follow up assessment
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Professional Led With Online Support | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Online Support: The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hernia operation and complications | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant opted for pre-existing hernia to be operated during the intervention period. Caused complications and resulted in hospitalisation. Not deemed to be caused by the intervention. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
The incomplete data comprised questionnaires that were completed at home and returned subsequently. Adverse events were not recorded by 13 out of 40 participants, but the documentation did not contain a confirmation box to indicate that 'no adverse events' took place. Thus, although it was assumed that these individuals had no adverse events, it is an assumption, based on non-reporting of adverse events and conversations, but not verified in writing.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr Marco Arkesteijn | Aberystwyth University | +44(0)1970628559 | maa36@aber.ac.uk |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 28, 2018 | Sep 19, 2018 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073496 | Frailty |
| D055948 | Sarcopenia |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009133 | Muscular Atrophy |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012017 | Referral and Consultation |
| D004032 | Diet |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011364 | Professional Practice |
| D009934 | Organization and Administration |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
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Randomised; Interventional; Design type: Treatment, Complex Intervention, Physical, Rehabilitation
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The participant is unaware of the other groups details. Assessor and investigator are not blinded due to the need for providing information to the participant about their group allocation in this pilot project
The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. |
|
|
| Online Support | Behavioral | The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. |
|
| Empowered | Behavioral | The participant will be actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation and take co-ownership and responsibility for the action plan. |
|
| Timed-up-and go | The ability to get up from a chair, walk three meters to turn around a cone, and return to sit down again. | 3 months |
| Quality of Life SF36 | the Quality of Life Short Form -36. Scored with the total score (0-100), and higher scores reflecting better quality of life. | 3 months |
| Grip Strength | Measured with a hand held grip dynamometer. Measured in kilograms, with higher values reflecting higher strength | 3 months |
| BG001 | Professional Led Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual |
| BG002 | Patient Empowered With Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Online Support: The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. Empowered: Actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation |
| BG003 | Patient Empowered Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Empowered: The participant will be actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation and take co-ownership and responsibility for the action plan. |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Age, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale | Score range 14 to 70, with higher scores indicating higher well-being. | Incomplete questionnaires were present and excluded from analysis. | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale |
|
| Short Physical Performance Battery | Consists of Walking speed, balance, and chair stand test performance. Scored based on a score of 0-4 on each test, which are summed together. A total maximum score of 12 reflecting good physical performance and better outcomes. | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale |
|
| SNAQ - Dietary Analysis | The SNAQ was used to provide a single outcome variable for this. Was originally: Food diary and urine metabolomics for the ingestion of food components (meats, fish, legumes and fruits), with emphasis on the quantification of the total protein intake. SNAQ: Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire. Scale from 5-25, with higher scores indicating better outcome | Incomplete questionnaires were present and excluded from analysis. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Timed-up-and go | The ability to get up from a chair, walk three meters to turn around a cone, and return to sit down again. | Mean | Standard Deviation | seconds |
|
| Quality of Life SF36 | the Quality of Life Short Form -36. Scored with the total score (0-100), and higher scores reflecting better quality of life. | Incomplete questionnaires were present and excluded from analysis. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Grip Strength | Measured with a hand held grip dynamometer. Measured in kilograms, with higher values reflecting higher strength | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilogram |
|
| Six Minute Walking Performance | Quantifies the distance able to walk during six minutes | One Participant opted out of completing this task. | Mean | Standard Deviation | meter |
|
| OG001 | Professional Led Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual |
| OG002 | Patient Empowered With Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Online Support: The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. Empowered: Actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation |
| OG003 | Patient Empowered Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Empowered: The participant will be actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation and take co-ownership and responsibility for the action plan. |
|
|
| Primary | Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) | Scored with the total score ( range of 14-70), and higher scores reflecting better well-being. | Incomplete questionnaires were present and excluded from analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Short Physical Performance Battery | Consists of Walking speed, balance, and chair stand test performance. Scored based on a score of 0-4 on each test, which are then added. A total maximum score of 12 reflecting good physical performance and thus higher scores indicate better outcome.. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | SNAQ -Dietary Analysis | The SNAQ was used to provide a single outcome variable for this. Was originally: Food diary and urine metabolomics for the ingestion of food components (meats, fish, legumes and fruits), with emphasis on the quantification of the total protein intake. SNAQ: Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire. Scale from 5-25, with higher scores indicating better outcome | Incomplete questionnaires were present and excluded from analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Timed-up-and go | The ability to get up from a chair, walk three meters to turn around a cone, and return to sit down again. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | seconds | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Quality of Life SF36 | the Quality of Life Short Form -36. Scored with the total score (0-100), and higher scores reflecting better quality of life. | Incomplete questionnaires were present and excluded from analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Grip Strength | Measured with a hand held grip dynamometer. Measured in kilograms, with higher values reflecting higher strength | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilogram | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Six Minute Walking Performance | Quantifies the distance able to walk during six minutes | Some participants opted out of completing the task | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | meter | 3 months |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 10 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
| 1 |
| 10 |
| EG001 | Professional Led Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the professional and lifestyle recommendations are based on ViviFrail recommendations and personal experience of the professional. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual | 0 | 11 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 11 |
| EG002 | Patient Empowered With Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. The 12-week intervention includes access to an online monitoring platform. The online platform provides the lifestyle recommendations and consists of a diary of activities, examples of exercises, general advice and instructions for monitoring and self-assessment. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Online Support: The participant will have access to an online platform 'FACET', to monitor themselves periodically, obtain feedback about their functional ability, receive recommended diet, exercise and physical activity interventions and record the adherence to any intervention. Empowered: Actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 10 |
| EG003 | Patient Empowered Without Online Support | The consultation is led by the participant, and started with the questions 'What matters to you', and 'What are your goals'. The professional based the lifestyle recommendations based on these responses. There is no access to the online monitoring platform, and lifestyle recommendations were provided on paper to the participant. Consultation: The consultation will provide advice (including a short written report) about promoting healthy lifestyles, tailored to the individual Empowered: The participant will be actively encouraged to contribute to their own consultation and take co-ownership and responsibility for the action plan. | 0 | 11 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 11 |
|
| Progressed into disability and housebound | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant declined in physical functioning and became housebound and was hospitalised. Had severe frailty at baseline and showed extremely low performance scores and was unable to complete most of them, was 'lost to follow up'. |
|
| Sepsis and bowel abscess | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant was hospitalised for 6 weeks. Participant indicated it was not related to intervention. |
|
| Hip replacement surgery | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant underwent hip replacement surgery during the intervention, from pre-existing condition. Participant deemed it had gotten worse during the intervention |
|
| Mental ill-health: stress | Psychiatric disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant was admitted to mental health ward for several weeks and recovered. Participant reported 'over-committed to various activities', of which the intervention was one. |
|
| Diarrhoea | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant spent one night in hospital for observation. Participant deemed it was not related to intervention. |
|
| Fall | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Muscle Injury | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
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Not provided
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D001284 | Atrophy |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
| Between 18 and 65 years |
|
| >=65 years |
|
|
|
| Male |
|