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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of California, San Francisco | OTHER |
| Pennington Biomedical Research Center | OTHER |
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Identify the unique associations of body shape to body composition and bone density indices in a pediatric population that represents the variance of sex, age, BMI-Z, and ethnicity found in the US population.
Describe the precision and accuracy of optical scans to monitor change in body composition, bone density and metabolic health interventions.
Estimate the level of association of optical to common health indicators including metabolic risk factors (glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, VAT, WC and strength) by gender, race, age, and BMI-Z.
Investigate holistic, high-resolution descriptors of 3D body shape as direct predictors of body composition and metabolic risk using statistical shape models and Latent Class Analysis.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fat mass by DXA | Measure fat mass and percent fat (arms, legs, trunk, and total) using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data | 1 day |
| Lean mass by DXA | Measure lean mass (arms, legs, trunk, and total) using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data | 1 day |
| Bone mass by DXA | Measure bone mass (arms, legs, lumbar spine, and total) and Bone Mineral Density (spine and total) using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data | 1 day |
| Fat mass by MRI | Measure fat mass and percent fat (arms, legs, trunk, visceral, and total) using MRI data | 1 day |
| Lean mass by MRI | Measure lean mass (arms, legs, trunk, and total) using MRI data | 1 day |
| Waist to Hip ratio (WHR) from manual tape measurement | Manual physical anthropometry of waist and hip circumferences | 1 day |
| Automatic 3D optical (3DO) scan measurement | Automated 3DO measurement generated across the body | 1 day |
| Hand-grip strength | Measured by using a hand-grip dynamometer (JAMAR) as a measure of strength and physical capacity. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fat loss | Measure changes in fat mass during intervention using DXA data. | 24 weeks |
| Changes in lean mass | Measure changes in lean mass (arms, legs, trunk, and total) during intervention using DXA data. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Healthy participants will be included in the study if they have a self-reported ability to:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The investigator will recruit a stratified sample of 720 participants, approximately 360 from each site, using the following equally-weighed stratifications: sex, age (5-10, 11-14, 15-17 years), BMI-Z score (less than -2, -2 to 1, 1 to 2, and greater than 2) and ethnicity (White, Black, Mexican-American, Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander).
Within this sample, the investigator will include up to 36 participants with very low and high BMI by special recruitments from the facilities. The remainder of the participants will be recruited as a sample of convenience using local advertisements around the specified facilities.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California, San Francisco | San Francisco | California | 94143 | United States | ||
| University of Hawaii Cancer Center |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41796965 | Derived | Bennett JP, Wong MC, Tian IY, Bowen A, Liu YE, Kelly NN, Ramirez S, Chow D, Pujades S, Garber AK, Maskarinec G, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Monitoring growth and body composition in children with 3-dimensional optical imaging: a pilot observational study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 May;123(5):101256. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101256. Epub 2026 Mar 7. | |
| 38142263 | Derived | Marazzato F, McCarthy C, Field RH, Nguyen H, Nguyen T, Shepherd JA, Tinsley GM, Heymsfield SB. Advances in digital anthropometric body composition assessment: neural network algorithm prediction of appendicular lean mass. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2024 May;78(5):452-454. doi: 10.1038/s41430-023-01396-3. Epub 2023 Dec 23. |
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| 1 day |
| Isokinetic peak torque | Measure the peak torque value (FT-LBS) generated during isokinetic knee extension/flexion movement evaluation at 60 degrees will be assessed with the HUMAC NORM device | 1 day |
| Isometric peak torque | Measure the peak torque value (FT-LBS) generated during isometric knee extension/flexion movement evaluation at 60 degrees will be assessed with the HUMAC NORM device | 1 day |
| Fasting glucose levels | Measure fasting glucose levels | 1 day |
| Fasting HbA1c levels | Measure fasting HbA1c levels | 1 day |
| Fasting insulin levels | Measure fasting insulin levels | 1 day |
| Fasting cholesterol levels | Measure fasting cholesterol levels | 1 day |
| Fasting triglycerides levels | Measure fasting triglycerides levels | 1 day |
| 24 weeks |
| Changes in WHR | Measure changes in WHR during intervention | 24 weeks |
| Changes in automatic 3DO scan measurement | Changes of automated 3DO measurements during intervention | 24 weeks |
| Changes in isokinetic peak torque | Measure the change in peak torque value generated during isokinetic knee extension/flexion movement evaluation at 60 degrees will be assessed with the HUMAC NORM device pre and post intervention. | 24 weeks |
| Changes in isometric peak torque | Measure the change in peak torque value generated during isometric knee extension/flexion movement evaluation at 60 degrees will be assessed with the HUMAC NORM device pre and post intervention | 24 weeks |
| Total Body Water | Measure total body water (L) provided by bioelectrical impedance analysis | 24 weeks |
| Phase angle | Phase angle [PhA(°) = (reactance/electrical resistance) × (180°/Π)] will be measured in degrees using bioelectrical impedance analysis. | 24 weeks |
| Percent body fat | Measure percent body fat provided by bioelectrical impedance analysis. | 24 weeks |
| Body circumference from 2D imaging | A conventional digital camera will be used to capture 2D images of participants in a standardized pose. Body circumference will be estimated using these images. | 24 weeks |
| Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure levels will be assessed | Manually measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. | 24 weeks |
| Diet History Questionnaire II | The Diet History Questionnaire II estimates the participants nutrition intake by asking the participant a series of questions | 24 weeks |
| Honolulu |
| Hawaii |
| 96813 |
| United States |
| Pennington Biomedical Research Center | Baton Rouge | Louisiana | 70808 | United States |
| 35610336 | Derived | Bennett J, Wong MC, McCarthy C, Fearnbach N, Queen K, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB. Emergence of the adolescent obesity epidemic in the United States: five-decade visualization with humanoid avatars. Int J Obes (Lond). 2022 Sep;46(9):1587-1590. doi: 10.1038/s41366-022-01153-9. Epub 2022 May 24. |
| 31689009 | Derived | Wong MC, Ng BK, Kennedy SF, Hwaung P, Liu EY, Kelly NN, Pagano IS, Garber AK, Chow DC, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Children and Adolescents' Anthropometrics Body Composition from 3-D Optical Surface Scans. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 Nov;27(11):1738-1749. doi: 10.1002/oby.22637. |