This pilot intervention trial will assess the feasibility of a live consultation between community hospital providers and tertiary care providers employing a novel teleconsult platform, Maine Neonatal Encephalopathy Teleconsult (Maine NET), on the time to initiation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for 35 infants born in community hospitals in Maine compared with matched historical controls. Community hospital providers and tertiary care center provider satisfaction with the Maine NET platform will also be assessed. The hypothesis is that immediately available expert assessment via a teleconsult platform will promote earlier implementation of TH and be associated with high levels of provider satisfaction.

The study will recruit a total of 125 infants from the participating centers and anticipate that 35 of these subjects will be treated with therapeutic hypothermia and be utilized for the comparative analysis to historical controls. Not all infants recruited and provided a Maine NET consultation will be treated with TH and to have an adequate sample size to make statistical comparisons with historical controls we need to enroll more than 35 participants to ensure 35 have been treated with TH for the comparative analysis.

In a secondary qualitative study, clinicians who completed Maine NET consults through the above clinical trial were interviewed about their experience with the consult. This secondary study will recruit up to 20 clinicians who completed a consult in this clinical trial.

Inclusion Criteria:

Infants included in this study will be born at a community hospital, will be in either high or moderate risk, will be younger than 6 hours of age at the time of the consultation and the decision will have been made to treat with TH. High risk infants will be defined as an umbilical cord pH of less than or equal to 7.0 or 5 minute APGAR score of less than or equal to 5 or a need for resuscitation (including respiratory support or chest compressions) or an abnormal exam (which may include flaccid tone, poor suck reflex or poor response to stimulation) or seizures at less than 6 hours of life. Moderate risk infants will be defined as an umbilical cord pH of less than or equal to 7.2 but greater than 7.0 or 5 minute APGAR score of less than 7 but greater than 5 or a perinatal event (such as placental abruption, uterine rupture, cord prolapse, or fetal-maternal hemorrhage) or an abnormal exam (which may include a hyper-alert state).

Exclusion Criteria:

Infants older than 6 hours at the time Maine NET is requested and infants for whom TH is not an appropriate therapy (e.g. due to premature birth or moribund status) will be excluded.

Duration of the telemedicine consultation (10-30 minutes)

Adverse events were collected on patients during the duration of telemedicine consultation (time on consultation varied due to length of consent discussion if parent/guardian(s) had questions, patient acuity, and time for exam). This time period lasted for 10-30 minutes in duration and occurred within the first 6 hours of the child's life.