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The aim of this analysis was to pool data from 6 GSK studies with similar clinical design to investigate the overall efficacy of a test dentifrice containing 67% w/w sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of gingivitis and plaque accumulation after 6, 12 and 24 weeks of twice-daily brushing at home relative to a negative control dentifrice.
The pooled analysis was planned and conducted after completion of all six independent studies.
This pooled analysis was performed on data collated from six GSK studies that provide efficacy data supporting the twice-daily use of a dentifrice containing 67% w/w sodium bicarbonate in the management of pre-existing gingivitis, and plaque accumulation. Six studies that were chosen for inclusion in the pooled analysis were single-center, examiner-blind, 2 to 3 treatments, parallel group, stratified and randomized clinical study. In all studies, participants entered the screening period during which eligibility for the study was determined. The participants included male and non-pregnant, non-lactating female subjects at least 18 years of age with pre-existing gingivitis as determined by an appropriately qualified clinical examiner. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria entered an acclimatization period in order to minimize any potential placebo response. Participants were randomized into treatments, parallel group, stratified and randomized clinical studies twice daily at home for 6, 12 and 24 weeks and participants returned to the site. Participants underwent a full OST examination and the recording of any Adverse Events (AEs). Participants then underwent Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Bleeding Index (BI), Gingival Severity Index (GSI) followed by dental plaque assessments.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Dentifrice | Participants were advised to brush their teeth twice daily with a full strip of experimental dentifrice containing 67% w/w sodium bicarbonate in 3 studies and additionally 62% w/w sodium bicarbonate in 3 studies covering the entire head of the toothbrush for 1 minute. |
| |
| Control Dentifrice | Participants were advised to brush their teeth with control dentifrice containing 0% w/w sodium bicarbonate covering the entire head of the toothbrush for 1 minute. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium bicarbonate | Other | Experimental dentifrice containing 67% w/w sodium bicarbonate in 3 studies and additionally 62% w/w sodium bicarbonate in 3 studies. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean number of Bleeding Sites over 24 weeks | Number of gingival bleeding sites were measured as BI via a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was gently inserted approximately 1 millimeter (mm) into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system used to measure bleeding sites is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed. A bleeding site was considered as a BI score of 1 or 2. This measure will be analyzed and summarized over all sites and at the tooth site level. | Over 24 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Bleeding Index (BI) over 24 weeks | The BI was performed by a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was inserted approximately 1 mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system to be used is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed. This measure will be analyzed and summarized over all sites and at the tooth site level. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: Not Applicable
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Retrospective pooled studies include healthy male and non-pregnant, non-lactating female subjects at least 18 years of age, with pre-existing gingivitis as determined by an appropriately qualified clinical examiner
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| GSK Clinical Trials | GlaxoSmithKline | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSK Investigational Site | Weybridge | Surrey | United Kingdom |
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| Control Dentifrice | Other | Negative control dentifrice containing 0% w/w sodium bicarbonate |
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| Over 24 weeks |
| Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) over 24 weeks | The MGI was assessed on facial and lingual surfaces at two sites on each tooth (papillae and margin).The scoring of MGI was performed by a single examiner. The MGI scoring system is as follows:0=absence of inflammation;1=mild inflammation; slight change in color, little change in color;little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit;2=mild inflammation; criteria as above but involving the entire marginal or papillar gingival units;3=moderate inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit;4=severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, spontaneous bleeding, congestion, or ulceration.This measure will be analyzed and summarized over all sites and at the tooth site level. | Over 24 weeks |
| Mean Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein plaque index (TPI) over 24 weeks | The dental examiner used the TPI to assess plaque on all gradable teeth. The plaque was first disclosed using a dye solution. Participants then rinsed with disclosing solution according to instructions. They had expectorated and rinsed with 10 mL of water for 10 seconds and expectorated again. Plaque was assessed with each tooth being divided into 6 areas including the mesiofacial, facial, distofacial, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual surfaces. Disclosed plaque was scored as follows: 0= No plaque; 1= Slight flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth; 2= A thin continuous band of plaque (1 mm or smaller) at the cervical margin of the tooth; 3= A band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than 1/3 of the crown of the tooth; 4= Plaque covering at least 1/3 but less tan 2/3 of the crown of the tooth; 5= Plaque covering 2/3 or more of the crown of the tooth.This measure will be analyzed and summarized over all sites and at the tooth site level. | Over 24 weeks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005891 | Gingivitis |
| D003773 | Dental Plaque |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007239 | Infections |
| D005882 | Gingival Diseases |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D003741 | Dental Deposits |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017693 | Sodium Bicarbonate |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001639 | Bicarbonates |
| D002254 | Carbonates |
| D002255 | Carbonic Acid |
| D017554 | Carbon Compounds, Inorganic |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D017670 | Sodium Compounds |
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