Comparing Local Anesthetics for TAP Block During Abdomina... | NCT03700970

Status Module

Description Module

Design Module

Interventional Study Design

Biospecimen

No data available

No data is available for this block.

Arms/Interventions Module

Arm Groups

Label	Type	Description	Intervention Names
TAP block with liposomal bupivacaine	Experimental	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.	Drug: Liposomal bupivacaine
TAP block with regular bupivacaine	Active Comparator	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.	Drug: Regular bupivacaine

Interventions

Name	Type	Description	Arm Group Labels	Other Names
Liposomal bupivacaine	Drug	20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.	TAP block with liposomal bupivacaine

Outcomes Module

Primary Outcomes

Measure	Description	Time Frame
Amount of Supplemental Postoperative Narcotic Analgesia in Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME)	Amount of supplemental postoperative narcotic analgesia (both intravenous and oral) required by study groups in oral morphine equivalents	Postoperative day (POD) 1 to 7

Secondary Outcomes

Measure	Description	Time Frame
Pain Measure	Pain as measured by numeric rating scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain ever).	Post operative day (POD) 1 to 7
Time to First Opiate Use	Time from end of surgery to time of first opioid intake measured in hours

Eligibility Module

Name	Affiliation	Role
Galen Perdikis, MD	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Principal Investigator

Facility	Status	City	State	ZIP	Country	Contacts
Vanderbilt University Medical Center		Nashville	Tennessee	37212	United States

References Module

Citations

PubMed Identifier	Type	Citation	Retractions
37220228	Derived	Nguyen L, Glassman GE, Afshari A, Feng X, Shastri UD, Kaoutzanis C, McEvoy MD, Bansal V, Canlas C, Yao J, Higdon K, Perdikis G. Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Liposomal to Plain Bupivacaine in the Transversus Abdominis Plane for DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024 Mar 1;153(3):543-551. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010710. Epub 2023 May 22.

Results Section

Participant Flow Module

Arm/Group Information

ID	Title	Description
FG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.

Baseline Characteristics Module

Outcome Measures Module

Adverse Events Module

More Info Module

Type	Includes Protocol	Includes SAP	Includes ICF	Document Label	Document Date	Document Uploaded Date	Document File Name
Prot	Yes	No	No	Study Protocol	Oct 1, 2018	Nov 9, 2021

Arm/Group Information

ID	Title	Description
BG000	Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
BG001	Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.
BG002	Total	Total of all reporting groups

Units	Counts
Participants	BG00030 BG00130 BG00260

Baseline Measures

Title

Description

Population Description

Parameter Type

Dispersion Type

Unit of Measure

Calculate Percentage

Denominator Units Selected

Denominators

Classes

Age, Continuous

Mean

Standard Deviation

years

Title

Denominators

Categories

POD 1

Title	Measurements
	OG00019.8± 18.8 OG00123.6± 17.5

POD 2

Title	Measurements
	OG000

Secondary

Pain Measure

Pain as measured by numeric rating scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain ever).

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

score on a scale

Post operative day (POD) 1 to 7

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Time to First Opiate Use

Time from end of surgery to time of first opioid intake measured in hours

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

hours

0-29.8 hours post operation

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Time to Return of Bowel Function

Mean time in days at which patients had a return of bowel movement post op

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

days

1 to 4 days post operation

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Length of Stay

Length of hospital stay post operatively

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

DAYS

1 to 4 days

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Ambulation

Time to first ambulate post op (in days)

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

days

1 day post op

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Non-narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Acetaminophen

The total use of the non-narcotic pain medication Acetaminophen was recorded during hospitalization

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

milligrams

Post op day 1 to 7

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Cyclobenzaprine

The total use of the non-narcotic pain medication Cyclobenzaprine was recorded during hospitalization

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

milligrams

Post op day 1 to 7

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Gabapentin

The total use of the non-narcotic pain medication gabapentin was recorded during hospitalization

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

milligrams

Post op day 1 to 7

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Celebrex

The total use of the non-narcotic pain medication celebrex was recorded during hospitalization

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

milligrams

post op day 1 to 7

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Secondary

Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Ondansetron

The total use of the non-narcotic pain medication ondansetron was recorded during hospitalization

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

milligrams

Post op day 1 to 7

ID	Title	Description
OG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.
OG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.

Arm/Groups

ID	Title	Description	Deaths (Affected)	Deaths (At Risk)	Serious Events (Affected)	Serious Events (At Risk)	Other Events (Affected)	Other Events (At Risk)
EG000	TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side. Liposomal bupivacaine: 20mL of Exparel® 1.3% mixed with 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, for a total of 40mL of local anesthestic mixture, 20mL to be injected on each side.	0	30	0	30	0	30
EG001	TAP Block With Regular Bupivacaine	Local analgesia (TAP blocks) will be administered under ultrasound guidance in the operating room after the patient is intubated and under general anesthesia. Under sterile conditions and ultrasound guidance, the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (muscles of the abdominal wall) will be identified at the anterior axillary line, midway between the costal margin and iliac crest. The epidural needle will be inserted through the skin to the appropriate fascial plane, and the local anesthetic will be injected in that plane. 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side. Regular bupivacaine: 20mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected on each side.	0	30	0	30	0	30

Other Adverse Events

Term	Organ System	Assessment Type	Statistical Information
Bupivacaine toxicity	Blood and lymphatic system disorders	Systematic Assessment	EG0000 affected30 at risk EG0010 affected30 at risk
Narcotic complication	Blood and lymphatic system disorders	Systematic Assessment	EG0000 affected30 at risk EG0010 affected30 at risk
Urinary retention	Renal and urinary disorders	Systematic Assessment	EG0000 affected30 at risk EG0010 affected30 at risk
Flap loss	Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders	Systematic Assessment	EG0000 affected30 at risk EG0010 affected30 at risk

ID	Term
D000813	Anilides
D000577	Amides
D009930	Organic Chemicals
D000814	Aniline Compounds
D000588	Amines