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This study evaluates the effectiveness of the smell tests that are used in early diagnosis of mild dementia.
For twenty years research has shown a strong link between olfactory disorders and Alzheimer's disease. The focus is on the very early alteration of the olfaction which acts as a harbinger of the disease since it is detectable in its asymptomatic phase. In addition, olfactory involvement is a precursor to the transformation of mild cognitive impairment into MA. Indeed the anatomical structures the first lesions are located in the transentorhinal region of the temporal lobe and entorhinal phase, before progressing towards the limbic system, which will mark the clinical appearance of the first signs of AD.
In literature, it has been shown that there was no olfactory test that is recognized as a gold standard in the scientific community due to a lack of homogeneity of the tools used, their availability and their validity depending on the culture. Moreover, of all the tests currently available, none are specific to neurodegenerative diseases.
Very recent studies show that there is also a strong preference for imaging tools or biomarkers in the detection of AD, but it appears that the olfactory disorders are well before these markers. It has been shown that an identification test is comparable in predictive accuracy to neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid sampling.
This study will therefore focus on the calibration and validation of a computerized olfactory test for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and based the recommendations of professionals so as to promote the effective use of this test in clinical practice.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mild stage Alzheimer group | Experimental | Participants with mild stage Alzheimer's disease |
|
| Control Group | Experimental | Participants without cognitive disorders |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olfactory test | Diagnostic Test | Olfactory test: All fragrances tested are kept in an airtight case protected from cold and heat. The test is done on a tablet and the data will be automatically saved. The first screen is about the administrative data, sex and age of the subject. Olfactory test: six odors among the fourteen are proposed in a randomized way. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Objective test of evaluation of the olfactory sensitivity | olfactory test (only one evaluation): random fragrances, recognition (Yes or No) | 15 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Health condition assessed by self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) | self-administered questionnaire (SAQ), score between 0 and 18, a higher score means a higher frailty | 10 minutes |
| Objective test of evaluation of the olfactory thresholds |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Olivier Beauchet, MD | Jewish General Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jewish General Hospital | Montreal | Quebec | H3T 1E2 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000544 | Alzheimer Disease |
| D000857 | Olfaction Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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The study is a single-center controlled study (Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada), consisting of two groups of subjects: a control group and a group of subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease.
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|
olfactory test, 6 random fragrances among 14, recognition Yes or No and at what concentration
| 15 minutes |
| D024801 |
| Tauopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |