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The primary hypotheses were unsupported with half of the data collected.
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The purpose of this study is to develop behavioral interventions that provide effective tools that policy makers can use to help individuals avoid forgetting to follow-through on important behaviors and for individuals to use to help themselves. In the investigators past research, they have shown that reminders through association work in the lab setting. The investigators seek to understand how this strategy can work in the field, especially when people are trying to fulfill a health outcome.
Participants enter an online survey where they are asked to confirm that they plan to pick up a prescription, state what day they plan to pick up their prescription, and indicate the type of location where the prescription will be picked up (e.g., pharmacy, hospital, doctors office, etc.). Participants are asked to participate in a prescription reminder program in which they will receive up to eight text messages from the researchers and send up to three text messages to the researchers. Participants are then quizzed about the reminder program to ensure they understand what they are signing up for. Participants are further told that if they follow the directions outlined in the program they will be compensated for participating in this survey via their phone number.
Participants who wish to enroll in the reminder program will initiate the text messaging by texting "STARTXXXX" to number provided. This validates that the participants received the message, have the capacity to text, and are willing to text. Participants are then randomly assigned to one of three conditions. In the treatment condition, participants will be prompted to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription. In the active control condition, participants will be asked to think about where they will store their prescription. Participants in the baseline control condition will simply be thanked for enrolling.
Participants in the treatment and active control conditions then receive a series of text messages prior to the scheduled pick up date reminding them to pick up their medication. In addition, the text message will prompt participants to text a picture of their prescription receipt to validate that they followed-through on their behavior. If participants text us a picture of their receipt that follows the guidelines outlined in the survey, participants are compensated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reminders Through Association Arm | Experimental | participants will be prompted to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription. |
|
| Active Control Arm | Active Comparator | Participants will be asked to think about where they will store their prescription. |
|
| Baseline Control Arm | Active Comparator | Participants are thanked for enrolling in the reminder program. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reminders Through Association | Other | Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription and use the cue. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Picking up Prescription on Intended Date of Pickup | At the beginning of the study, participants indicate the date they plan to pick up their prescription. Participants are later asked to text a picture of their prescription receipt to the experimenter after they complete the prescription reminder program. The receipt must satisfy three criteria:
the investigators' primary dependent variable is binary taking the value one if the participant sends a picture of their receipt to the investigators that satisfies all criteria stated above and taking the value zero if otherwise. | The time frame can range from less than 1 day to a maximum of 7 days. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Katherine Milkman, PhD | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Reminders Through Association Arm | participants will be prompted to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription. Reminders Through Association: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription and use the cue. |
| FG001 | Active Control Arm | Participants will be asked to think about where they will store their prescription. Active Control: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of where they plan to store their medication once they pick it up and to think about that location on their intended date of pickup. |
| FG002 | Baseline Control Arm | Participants are thanked for enrolling in the reminder program. Baseline Control: Participants receive 1 text message thanking participants for enrolling in the reminder program. Participants are not contacted further. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Reminders Through Association Arm | participants will be prompted to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription. Reminders Through Association: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription and use the cue. |
| BG001 |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Picking up Prescription on Intended Date of Pickup | At the beginning of the study, participants indicate the date they plan to pick up their prescription. Participants are later asked to text a picture of their prescription receipt to the experimenter after they complete the prescription reminder program. The receipt must satisfy three criteria:
the investigators' primary dependent variable is binary taking the value one if the participant sends a picture of their receipt to the investigators that satisfies all criteria stated above and taking the value zero if otherwise. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of prescriptions pickuped | The time frame can range from less than 1 day to a maximum of 7 days. |
|
Adverse event data was collected during data collection and one week after recruitment ended.
This intervention was solely to help people pick up their prescriptions. Participants only received a series of text messages so there was not risk serious adverse events.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Reminders Through Association Arm | participants will be prompted to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription. Reminders Through Association: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription and use the cue. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Katherine K. Milkman Ph.D. | University of Pennsylvania | 215-573-9646 | kmilkman@wharton.upenn.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 23, 2018 | Jun 19, 2019 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
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| Active Control | Other | Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of where they plan to store their medication once they pick it up and to think about that location on their intended date of pickup. |
|
| Baseline Control | Other | Participants receive 1 text message thanking participants for enrolling in the reminder program. Participants are not contacted further. |
|
| Active Control Arm |
Participants will be asked to think about where they will store their prescription. Active Control: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of where they plan to store their medication once they pick it up and to think about that location on their intended date of pickup. |
| BG002 | Baseline Control Arm | Participants are thanked for enrolling in the reminder program. Baseline Control: Participants receive 1 text message thanking participants for enrolling in the reminder program. Participants are not contacted further. |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Reminders Through Association Arm |
participants will be prompted to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription. Reminders Through Association: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of a reminder cue that will help them remember to pick up the prescription and use the cue. |
| OG001 | Active Control Arm | Participants will be asked to think about where they will store their prescription. Active Control: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of where they plan to store their medication once they pick it up and to think about that location on their intended date of pickup. |
| OG002 | Baseline Control Arm | Participants are thanked for enrolling in the reminder program. Baseline Control: Participants receive 1 text message thanking participants for enrolling in the reminder program. Participants are not contacted further. |
|
|
| 0 |
| 262 |
| 0 |
| 262 |
| 0 |
| 262 |
| EG001 | Active Control Arm | Participants will be asked to think about where they will store their prescription. Active Control: Participants receive 8 text messages asking them to think of where they plan to store their medication once they pick it up and to think about that location on their intended date of pickup. | 0 | 260 | 0 | 260 | 0 | 260 |
| EG002 | Baseline Control Arm | Participants are thanked for enrolling in the reminder program. Baseline Control: Participants receive 1 text message thanking participants for enrolling in the reminder program. Participants are not contacted further. | 0 | 255 | 0 | 255 | 0 | 255 |
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| D001519 | Behavior |
| Female |
|
| Other |
|
| Prefer not to specify |
|