Radiolabeled Gallium-68 (68Ga-PSMA) for PET/CT Imaging to Detect Prostate Cancer

68GA-PSMA Fusion PET/MRI For Image-Guided Prostate Biopsies

The purpose of the study is to find out whether imaging of the prostate with a new molecule called 68Ga-PSMA can find prostate cancer. 68Ga-PSMA has been shown in a large number of patients to be useful to find recurring prostate cancer following initial cancer treatment. This study is performed to test 68Ga-PSMA whether it can be used to find prostate cancers that would be considered in need for treatment.

In this study, two different imaging tests are being compared: a) 68Ga-PSMA Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) and b) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the prostate gland. Participants already have received the MRI, and the results were either suspicious of or definitive for prostate cancer. Both tests (MRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) are expected to show tumor tissue when more aggressive, but one test could be more accurate than the other test.

Another important question is whether these imaging tests will perform as good or better than prostate biopsies in finding all prostate cancer lesions in need for treatment. If imaging would be comparable or better than biopsies, then imaging may be able to replace invasive biopsies for some indications in the future.

To investigate these questions, participants are asked to undergo a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT before a planned prostate biopsy procedure. After the biopsy procedure is performed, investigators will compare the imaging results from 68Ga-PSMA with those from the MRI and determine which test is more accurate.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Recent MRI of the prostate has resulted in at least one lesion suspected to represent prostate cancer (reported by the Radiologist as PI-RADS 3, 4 or 5 lesion)
• Treating physician has already indicated a need for a prostate biopsy procedure.
• Known Gleason 6 or 7 prostate cancer OR rising PSA with either a) no prior biopsy or b) single or multiple negative prior biopsies.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prostate biopsy within 12 weeks before enrollment
• Acute prostatitis within the last 6 months
• Current non-urologic bacterial infection requiring active treatment with antibiotics
• Active other malignancy (except basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer) within the last 2 years
• Body weight greater than 350 lbs (158 Kg)
• Inability or unwillingness to receive a prostate biopsy procedure
• Unable to lie flat, still, or tolerate a PET/CT scan
• Unable to provide own consent
• Concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled and/or unstable medical disease other than prostate cancer (e.g. poorly controlled diabetes, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to study participation, unstable and uncontrolled hypertension, acute renal failure of any intensity, chronic renal or hepatic disease, severe pulmonary disease).