Participants will receive brief education and folder of information and resources.

body weight in kilograms

one item with yes/no response. Results indicate percentage of participants who responded "yes."

one item that asks participant to report number of sessions attended

This combined measure is based on participant-reported frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity, measured in minutes per week. Frequency and duration were initially registered separately.

Two questions were used to calculated minutes of physical activity per week, asked in both the baseline and 12 months surveys:

Q1. On average, how many days per week do you engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity? A1: 0-7, integer response only Q2: On average on those days, how many minutes do you engage in physical activity as this level? A2: open numeric response

A1*A2 = minutes per week (Physical Activity value)

Minutes of physical activity per week reported in 12 month survey - minutes of physical activity per week in baseline survey = change in minutes per week of physical activity

Recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days. Participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days. These reports were converted to the number of times over past 30 days participants drank regular soda or pop that contained sugar.

PAM-13 is a 13-item scale that measures participant beliefs, perceived knowledge, and confidence for engaging in behaviors related to the participant's health condition. PAM-13 has a 0-100 scale, where a low score indicates low activation (disengaged and overwhelmed) and a high score indicates high activation (patient considers self their own advocate). The difference between the score at 12 months and the score at baseline was calculated.

Williams Perceived Competence Scale comprises 4 items measuring the participants' perception of their own ability to take steps to prevent diabetes. Responses for each individual question range from 1 (not at all true) to 7 (very true). The responses to all 4 items were averaged (range: 1-7), with higher scores on the scale indicating higher perceived competence in preventing diabetes.

The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) consisted of 11 items that measured the participants' perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

The TSRQ was split into two measures: autonomous and controlled. The autonomous measure consisted of 4 items that measured participants' autonomous (or internal) perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

Responses for each individual question range from 1 (not at all true) to 7 (very true). The responses to all 4-items are averaged (range: 1-7). Higher scores indicate participants agree with more internal reasons for preventing diabetes (ex: wanting to take responsibility for my own health).

The Health-Specific Social Support Scale consisted of 12 items that asked participants to indicate their level of agreement on a 6-point Likert scale ("Strongly disagree" [1] to "Strongly agree" [6]) with statements regarding accessibility of any contact they had with people in the past 3 months who were specifically also at risk for developing diabetes and could provide social support in attempts to prevent diabetes via healthy lifestyle changes. Scores for negative statements were reversed, and the total score was the sum of all scores. Total scores can range from 12 (minimum) to 72 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated a higher level of reported social support.

The goal setting and intervention tailoring subscale of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) consisted of 5 questions that ask the participant to state how often their peer supporter engaged in supportive behaviors regarding setting and achieving goals in order to make healthy lifestyle changes. Each question had a range of 1 (None of the time) to 5 (Always). Averaged scores range from 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more supportive.

The goal setting and intervention tailoring subscale of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) consisted of 5 questions that ask the participant to state how often their peer supporter engaged in supportive behaviors regarding setting and achieving goals in order to make healthy lifestyle changes. Each question had a range of 1 (None of the time) to 5 (Always). Averaged scores range from 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more supportive.

The Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ, long form) consisted of 15 items that asked the participant to rank their agreement with statements that indicated degree of autonomy support (Strongly Disagree [1] to Strongly Agree [7]). Averaged scores ranged from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum). A higher the score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more autonomy supportive.

The Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ, long form) consisted of 15 items that asked the participants to rank their agreement with statements that indicated degree of autonomy support (Strongly Disagree [1] to Strongly Agree [7]). Total scores ranged from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more autonomy supportive.

Recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days. Participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days. These reports were converted to the number of times over past 30 days participants drank sugary drinks besides pop or soda.

Recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) consists of 11 items that measure participants' perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

The TSRQ is split into two measures: autonomous and controlled. The controlled measure consists of 7 items that measure participants' controlled (or external) perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

Responses for each individual question range from 1 (not at all true) to 7 (very true). The responses to all 7-items are averaged (range: 1-7). Higher scores indicate participants agree with more external behaviors or reasons for preventing diabetes (ex: feeling pressure to do so from others).

Participants randomized to enhanced usual care will receive brief education and folder of information and resources.

Enhanced Usual Care: Participants will receive brief education and folder of information and resources.

Total of all reporting groups

Demographics are presented separately by participant type: by the participants who were randomized and by the peer supporters who delivered the intervention.

Demographics are presented separately by participant type: by the participants who were randomized and by the peer supporters who delivered the intervention.

Demographics are presented separately by participant type: by the participants who were randomized and by the peer supporters who delivered the intervention.

Demographics are presented separately by participant type: by the participants who were randomized and by the peer supporters who delivered the intervention.

Data represents participants who self-rated their health as fair or poor.

Only participants randomized to this arm are included; peer supporters are not included.

Data represents participants who responded to the following statement with "Sometimes true" or "Often true": "We worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more."

Only participants randomized to this arm are included; peer supporters are not included.

Data represents participants who responded "Not at all", "A little", or "Somewhat" to the following question: "How confident are you filling out health care forms for yourself?"

Only participants randomized to this arm are included; peer supporters are not included.

Properties of Neighborhood Scales take the average of responses (1 [strongly agree] to 5 [strongly disagree]) to a series of 7 questions used to assess neighborhood conditions that promote healthy behaviors, including walkability, access to gyms, availability of fruits and vegetables, and safety. This score ranges from 1 (neighborhood does not promote healthy behaviors or eating habits) to 5 (neighborhood promotes healthy behaviors and eating habits).

Only participants randomized to this arm are included; peer supporters are not included.

Data represents participants where major depressive disorder is likely. PHQ-2 is a series of 2 questions used to screen for depression. Participants with a score between 3-6 (Major Depressive Disorder Likely) are represented here.

Only participants randomized to this arm are included; peer supporters are not included.

An A1C test measures the percentage of red blood cells that have glucose-coated hemoglobin. This percentage indicates average blood sugar levels over the last 2-3 months. Higher percentages indicate higher levels of blood sugar levels, and an A1c between 5.7% and 6.4% is considered in the prediabetes range.

Only participants randomized to this arm are included; peer supporters are not included.

Only participants randomized to this arm are included; peer supporters are not included.

Participants randomized to enhanced usual care will receive brief education and folder of information and resources.

Enhanced Usual Care: Participants will receive brief education and folder of information and resources.

body weight in kilograms

Data was unavailable for 22 participants in the Intervention arm and 35 participants in the Control arm because of scheduling issues and COVID.

An A1C test measures the percentage of red blood cells that have glucose-coated hemoglobin. This percentage indicates average blood sugar levels over the last 2-3 months. Higher percentages indicate higher levels of blood sugar levels, and an A1c between 5.7% and 6.4% is considered in the prediabetes range. The negative numbers for change over time indicate an improvement because they show a drop in percentages from the baseline percentages.

Data was unavailable for 14 participants in the Intervention arm and 29 participants in the Control arm because of scheduling issues and COVID.

body weight in kilograms

Data was unavailable for 8 participants in the Intervention arm and 19 participants in the Control arm because of scheduling issues and COVID.

one item with yes/no response. Results indicate percentage of participants who responded "yes."

This measure only includes participants who, at baseline, had not enrolled in a formal program to prevent diabetes, and who answered the 12-month survey. For this reason, data was unavailable for 17 participants in the Intervention arm and 22 participants in the Control arm.

one item that asks participant to report number of sessions attended

Measure was initially conceived of as a face-to-face session. However, when the trial began, additional sessions became available online because of COVID and an increase in online offerings. As a result, no data was collected for this measure.

This combined measure is based on participant-reported frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity, measured in minutes per week. Frequency and duration were initially registered separately.

Two questions were used to calculated minutes of physical activity per week, asked in both the baseline and 12 months surveys:

Q1. On average, how many days per week do you engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity? A1: 0-7, integer response only Q2: On average on those days, how many minutes do you engage in physical activity as this level? A2: open numeric response

A1*A2 = minutes per week (Physical Activity value)

Minutes of physical activity per week reported in 12 month survey - minutes of physical activity per week in baseline survey = change in minutes per week of physical activity

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 20 participants from the Intervention arm and 22 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12-month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

Recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days. Participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days. These reports were converted to the number of times over past 30 days participants drank regular soda or pop that contained sugar.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 20 participants from the Intervention arm and 23 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

PAM-13 is a 13-item scale that measures participant beliefs, perceived knowledge, and confidence for engaging in behaviors related to the participant's health condition. PAM-13 has a 0-100 scale, where a low score indicates low activation (disengaged and overwhelmed) and a high score indicates high activation (patient considers self their own advocate). The difference between the score at 12 months and the score at baseline was calculated.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 17 participants from the Intervention arm and 23 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

Williams Perceived Competence Scale comprises 4 items measuring the participants' perception of their own ability to take steps to prevent diabetes. Responses for each individual question range from 1 (not at all true) to 7 (very true). The responses to all 4 items were averaged (range: 1-7), with higher scores on the scale indicating higher perceived competence in preventing diabetes.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 18 participants from the Intervention arm and 22 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) consisted of 11 items that measured the participants' perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

The TSRQ was split into two measures: autonomous and controlled. The autonomous measure consisted of 4 items that measured participants' autonomous (or internal) perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

Responses for each individual question range from 1 (not at all true) to 7 (very true). The responses to all 4-items are averaged (range: 1-7). Higher scores indicate participants agree with more internal reasons for preventing diabetes (ex: wanting to take responsibility for my own health).

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 18 participants from the Intervention arm and 23 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

The Health-Specific Social Support Scale consisted of 12 items that asked participants to indicate their level of agreement on a 6-point Likert scale ("Strongly disagree" [1] to "Strongly agree" [6]) with statements regarding accessibility of any contact they had with people in the past 3 months who were specifically also at risk for developing diabetes and could provide social support in attempts to prevent diabetes via healthy lifestyle changes. Scores for negative statements were reversed, and the total score was the sum of all scores. Total scores can range from 12 (minimum) to 72 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated a higher level of reported social support.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 22 participants from the Intervention arm and 26 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

The goal setting and intervention tailoring subscale of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) consisted of 5 questions that ask the participant to state how often their peer supporter engaged in supportive behaviors regarding setting and achieving goals in order to make healthy lifestyle changes. Each question had a range of 1 (None of the time) to 5 (Always). Averaged scores range from 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more supportive.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 20 participants from Intervention arm because some participants never completed a baseline or 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded. For these specific intervention-only questions, some peers were never assigned a coach and therefore skipped these questions regarding coach interactions. Participants in the Enhanced Usual Care (Control) arm were not assigned a peer supporter.

The goal setting and intervention tailoring subscale of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) consisted of 5 questions that ask the participant to state how often their peer supporter engaged in supportive behaviors regarding setting and achieving goals in order to make healthy lifestyle changes. Each question had a range of 1 (None of the time) to 5 (Always). Averaged scores range from 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more supportive.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 27 participants from Intervention arm because some participants never completed a baseline or 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded. For these specific intervention-only questions, some peers were never assigned a coach and therefore skipped these questions regarding coach interactions. Participants in the Enhanced Usual Care (Control) arm were not assigned a peer supporter.

The Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ, long form) consisted of 15 items that asked the participant to rank their agreement with statements that indicated degree of autonomy support (Strongly Disagree [1] to Strongly Agree [7]). Averaged scores ranged from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum). A higher the score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more autonomy supportive.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 20 participants from the Intervention arm because some participants never completed a baseline or 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded. For these specific intervention-only questions, some peers were never assigned a coach and therefore skipped these questions regarding coach interactions. Participants in the Enhanced Usual Care (Control) arm were not assigned a peer supporter.

The Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ, long form) consisted of 15 items that asked the participants to rank their agreement with statements that indicated degree of autonomy support (Strongly Disagree [1] to Strongly Agree [7]). Total scores ranged from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum). A higher score indicated a better outcome because it indicated that the peer perceived their partner to be more autonomy supportive.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 27 participants from the Intervention arm because some participants never completed a baseline or 12-month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded. For these specific intervention-only questions, some peers were never assigned a coach and therefore skipped these questions regarding coach interactions. Participants in the Enhanced Usual Care (Control) arm were not assigned a peer supporter.

Recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days. Participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days. These reports were converted to the number of times over past 30 days participants drank sugary drinks besides pop or soda.

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 19 participants from the Intervention arm and 24 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

Recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 19 participants from the Intervention arm and 22 from the Control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 18 participants from the intervention arm and 22 from the control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 19 participants from the intervention arm and 23 from the control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 18 participants from the intervention arm and 22 from the control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 18 participants from the intervention arm and 22 from the control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

One measure that recorded frequency of consumption in the last 30 days - participants could report times per day, times per week, or times over past 30 days, which was converted to times over past 30 days

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 19 participants from the intervention arm and 22 from the control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) consists of 11 items that measure participants' perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

The TSRQ is split into two measures: autonomous and controlled. The controlled measure consists of 7 items that measure participants' controlled (or external) perceptions of how true various reasons to take steps to help prevent diabetes may be to the participants.

Responses for each individual question range from 1 (not at all true) to 7 (very true). The responses to all 7-items are averaged (range: 1-7). Higher scores indicate participants agree with more external behaviors or reasons for preventing diabetes (ex: feeling pressure to do so from others).

Survey responses/data were unavailable for 20 participants from the intervention arm and 26 from the control arm because some participants never completed either a baseline or a 12 month survey. Additionally, KPNC allowed participants to skip survey questions, so some may not have responded.

Participants randomized to peer support will be matched with a peer supporter.

Peer Support: Participants will be paired with a peer supporter. They will meet in person one time and then be in contact by phone or texting on a weekly basis for the first 6 months of a year.

During the final six months of the year, the peer supporter and participant will be in touch at least monthly. The peer supporter will help link participants to existing health system and community diabetes prevention programs, support their engagement in formal programs, maintain achieved gains, and support participants to initiate and sustain healthy behaviors to prevent diabetes.