The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of OC-01 Nasal Spray as compared to placebo in simulating Goblet Cell and Meibomian Gland function in adult subjects with DED.

This was a Phase 2, single-center, randomized, masked (including all subjects, investigators, and study site personnel), placebo-controlled study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OC-01 (varenicline) nasal spray in stimulating goblet cell and Meibomian gland function in in adult subjects with DED. Approximately 45 subjects at least 18 years of age with a physicians' diagnosis of DED and meeting all other study eligibility criteria were planned to be randomized to receive a single application of 0.2% (1.2 mg/mL) OC-01 or placebo

Inclusion Criteria:

• Have used and/or desired to use an artificial tear substitute for dry eye symptoms within 6 months prior to visit 1.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have had any intraocular surgery (such as cataract surgery), extraocular surgery (such as blepharoplasty) in either eye within three months or refractive surgery (e.g. laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis, laser epithelial keratomileusis, photorefractive keratectomy or corneal implant) within twelve months of Visit 1
• Have a history or presence of any ocular disorder or condition in either eye that would, in the opinion of the Investigator, likely interfere with the interpretation of the study results or participant safety such as significant corneal or conjunctival scarring; pterygium or nodular pinguecula; current ocular infection, conjunctivitis, or inflammation not associated with dry eye; anterior (epithelial) basement membrane corneal dystrophy or other clinically significant corneal dystrophy or degeneration; ocular herpetic infection; evidence of keratoconus; etc. Blepharitis not requiring treatment and mild meibomian gland disease that are typically associated with DED are allowed.
• Have a systemic condition or disease not stabilized or judged by the Investigator to be incompatible with participation in the study or with the lengthier assessments required by the study (e.g., current systemic infection, uncontrolled autoimmune disease, uncontrolled immunodeficiency disease, history of myocardial infarction or heart disease, etc.)
• Have a known hypersensitivity to any of the procedural agents or study drug components
• Have any condition or history that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with study compliance, outcome measures, safety parameters, and/or the general medical condition of the subject

Adverse events were collected from the time of study drug administration to the last study visit (pre to post treatment 1 day).