Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Technical University of Denmark | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Individuals eating identical meals present high variability in post-meal blood glucose response making comparisons challenging. This study evaluates in 40 healthy and fasted participants whether the postprandial glucose response upon a standardized breakfast is dependent on gut microbial richness. Gastric emptying rate, intestinal transit time, insulin, appetite hormones and measures of the intestinal microbiome and fermentation will also be analyzed in the context of postprandial glucose metabolism.
Elevated blood glucose levels constitute a major risk factor for pre-diabetic and diabetic patients. Postprandial glucose tests have been used for decades to monitor and compare glucose responses. Yet, individuals eating identical meals present high variability in post-meal blood glucose response making comparisons challenging. A recent landmark study showed that the inter-individual variation of postprandial glucose responses was associated with multiple person-specific factors including faecal microbiome factors. Gut microbial richness has for a long time been considered a hallmark of gut health and stability. Furthermore, microbial richness has been associated with colonic transit time, which together with the gastric emptying rate appear to be major determinants of the initial glycaemic response to carbohydrate-containing meals. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate whether postprandial glucose responses are associated with gut microbial richness, as well as secondary measures including gastric emptying rate, intestinal transit time and gut microbial composition and fermentation.
In an acute-meal study, 40 healthy fasted participants will consume a standardized breakfast including one tablet of paracetamol (for estimating gastric emptying rate) and 300 mL of juice.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paracetamol and breakfast | Experimental | One tablet of paracetamol (500 mg) and a standardized breakfast will be consumed within 15 minutes one morning upon 10 hours of fasting |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standardized breakfast | Other | One tablet of paracetamol (500 mg) and a glass of water (150 mL) is consumed followed by a breakfast consisting of white bread, butter, jam, and juice (300 mL) and |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial plasma glucose at 60 min as a function of gut microbial richness | We test whether there is an inverse association between baseline fecal gut microbial richness and postprandial plasma glucose at 60 min after a standardised meal including 0.5 g paracetamol | 60 min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting (baseline) plasma glucose as a function of gut microbial diversity/richness | We test whether there is an inverse association between fasting plasma glucose and baseline fecal gut microbial richness (cross-sectionally) | 0 min |
| Maximum plasma glucose concentration as a function of gut microbial diversity/richness |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Saliva microbiome | Determination of saliva microbiome composition at baseline | 0 min |
| Fecal microbiome | Determination of fecal microbiome composition at baseline |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lars O Dragsted, PhD | University of Copenhagen | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen | Frederiksberg | 1958 | Denmark |
Not provided
Acute meal test
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
We test associations between gut microbial diversity/richness and maximum postprandial plasma glucose concentration [Cmax] after a standardised meal including 0.5 g paracetamol. |
| 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Postprandial plasma glucose extremes as a function of gut microbial diversity/richness | We test associations between gut microbial diversity/richness and the difference from the postprandial plasma glucose peak to the glucose level after 60 min or at the postprandial minimum between 30-120 min after a standardised meal including 0.5 g paracetamol. | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Time to plasma glucose maximum concentration as a function of gut microbial diversity/richness | We test associations between gut microbial diversity/richness and the time to the postprandial plasma glucose maximum concentration [Cmax] after a standardised meal including 0.5 g paracetamol | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Postprandial plasma glucose AUC as a function of gut microbial richness/diversity | We test associations between gut microbial diversity/richness and AUC 0-120 min for plasma glucose after a standardised meal including 0.5 g paracetamol | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Postprandial glucose 0-60 min as a function of gastric emptying | We test associations between gastric emptying measured as AUC 0-60 min of postprandial paracetamol concentration profiles in blood and postprandial plasma glucose at 60 min during a standardised meal including 0.5 g paracetamol | 0, 15, 30, 60 min |
| Gastric emptying and postprandial glucose 0-120 min | We test associations between gastric emptying measured as AUC 0-120 min of postprandial paracetamol concentration profiles in blood and postprandial plasma glucose AUC 0-120 min during a standardised meal test with intake of 0.5 g paracetamol | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| 0 min |
| Urine metabolome | Urine metabolome as determined by untargeted metabolic profiling by LC-QTOF of all urine samples collected before the meal and postprandially from 0-150 min | 0, 0-150 min |
| Fecal metabolome | Fecal metabolome as determined by untargeted metabolic profiling by LC-QTOF of ethanolic extracs from all baseline fecal samples collected before the intervention | 0 min |
| Plasma metabolome | Plasma metabolome as determined by untargeted metabolic profiling by LC-QTOF of ethanolic extracs from all fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Glucose metabolism | Plasma glucose measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Plasma Insulin | Plasma insulin measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Plasma short-chain fatty acids | Plasma short-chain fatty acids measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Lipid metabolism | Bile acids in blood (fasting and postprandially) and in feces (baseline) | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) | Plasma glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) | PYY measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Ghrelin | Ghrelin measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) | GIP measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) | CCK measured in fasting and postprandial plasma samples | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Gastric emptying | Gastric emptying measured as postprandial paracetamol concentration profiles in blood | 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min |
| Postprandial breath exhalation | Fasting and postprandial breath hydrogen/methane exhalation | 0, 60, 150 min |
| Feces short-chain fatty acids | Feces short-chain fatty acids measured in all fecal samples collected at baseline | 0 min |
| Feces pH | Feces pH measured in all fecal samples collected at baseline | 0 min |
| Feces energy | Feces energy measured in all fecal samples collected at baseline by bomb calorimetry | 0 min |
| Stool consistency | Consistency of stool sample collected at baseline assessed by the Bristol stool scale | 0 min |
| Intestinal transit time | Participants are instructed to observe the time it takes corn to travel through their gastrointestinal system five days prior to the intervention | Before intervention |
| Defecation patterns | Average number of poops per day and average stool consistency as assessed by Bristol stool scale | Before intervention |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | Gastrointestinal symptoms measured on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) | Before intervention |