To identify preoperative predictive factors for final ureteral section invasion after radical cystotomie (RC) and to validate significant factors on an external independent cohort. The investigators retrospectively reviewed data of all consecutive RC performed for bladder cancer in 2 high-volume institutions. Clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were collected prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. Pathological evaluation was performed by 2 well-trained uropathologists in each center. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for final ureteral sections involvement. Significant factors in cohort A were validated in cohort B. Receiver operating curve and area under curve were modeled to evaluate predictive accuracy of the markers

To identify preoperative predictive factors for final ureteral section invasion after radical cystotomie (RC) and to validate significant factors on an external independent cohort. Pathological evaluation was performed by 2 well-trained uropathologists in each center (Y.A. and C.C). The investigators retrospectively reviewed data of all consecutive RC performed for bladder cancer in 2 high-volume institutions. Clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were collected prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. Pathological evaluation was performed by 2 well-trained uropathologists in each center. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for final ureteral sections involvement. Significant factors in cohort A were validated in cohort B. Receiver operating curve and area under curve were modeled to evaluate predictive accuracy of the markers

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients > 18 years
• patients reoperative predictive factors for final ureteral section invasion after radical cystectomy

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients < 18 years

In cohort A, most patients did not have intraoperative FS examination although it was performed in some cases depending on the surgeon's habits (N¼92). All patients had intraoperative FS in the validation cohort B. All cystectomies performed for nononcological purposes were excluded. All patients had nonmetastatic bladder cancer on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans.