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This study evaluates the effect in artery stiffness of enalapril maleate in Rheumatoid Arthritis women patients. Half of participants will receive 5 mg enalapril maleate every 12 hrs, while the other half will receive a placebo.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease considered as an independent cardiovascular risk factor that is associated with cumulative inflammatory load with an elevation of circulating levels of cytokines, which mediate the mechanism of endothelial cells activation by increasing the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) function and generation of vasoconstriction. Enalapril maleate is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed by hepatic esterases in enalaprilat, which is a potent inhibitor of ACE. ACE inhibition decreases vascular systemic resistance and mean, diastolic and systolic blood pressures in several hypertensive states, independently of the mechanism, ACE inhibitors have a widespread clinic use for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the researchers considered that there could be an association between the use of enalapril and the decrease in arterial stiffness.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enalapril Maleate | Experimental | Enalapril Maleate 5 mg every 12 hrs for 90 days. |
|
| Placebo | Experimental | Substance that lacks in itself therapeutic action. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enalapril Maleate | Drug | Enalapril Maleate 5 mg tablet, every 12 hrs for 90 days. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) | This is a measure of arterial stiffness, or the rate at which pressure waves move down the vessel. | Baseline and 90 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index | This is calculated from PWV at the origin of the aorta to the ankle portion of the tibial artery, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured at the upper brachial artery. | Baseline and 90 days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Monica Vázquez-Del Mercado, MD, PhD | University of Guadalajara | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instituto de Investigación en ReumatologÃa y Sistema Músculo Esquelético | Guadalajara | Jalisco | 44340 | Mexico |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26509052 | Background | Gossec L, Dougados M, Dixon W. Patient-reported outcomes as end points in clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2015 Apr 2;1(1):e000019. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000019. eCollection 2015. | |
| 24217582 | Background | Burmester GR, Feist E, Dorner T. Emerging cell and cytokine targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014 Feb;10(2):77-88. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.168. Epub 2013 Nov 12. |
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De-identified individual participant data for pulse wave velocity will be available.
Data will be available within one year of study completion.
Data access requests will be reviewed by an external independent Review Panel. Requests will be required to sign a Data Access Agreement.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001172 | Arthritis, Rheumatoid |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
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Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004656 | Enalapril |
| D000806 | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004151 | Dipeptides |
| D009842 | Oligopeptides |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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Randomized, double blind, controlled, parallel groups clinical trial.
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Participant, care provider, investigator and outcomes assessor.
| Placebo | Drug | Placebo 5 mg tablet, every 12 hrs for 90 days. |
|
|
| 23327517 | Background | Gibofsky A. Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Manag Care. 2012 Dec;18(13 Suppl):S295-302. |
| 23188207 | Background | Gkaliagkousi E, Gavriilaki E, Doumas M, Petidis K, Aslanidis S, Stella D. Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Dec;18(8):422-30. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e31827846b1. |
| 12628952 | Background | Solomon DH, Karlson EW, Rimm EB, Cannuscio CC, Mandl LA, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2003 Mar 11;107(9):1303-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000054612.26458.b2. |
| 21452262 | Background | Kramer HR, Giles JT. Cardiovascular disease risk in rheumatoid arthritis: progress, debate, and opportunity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Apr;63(4):484-99. doi: 10.1002/acr.20386. No abstract available. |
| 16200583 | Background | Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, Kremers HM, O'Fallon WM, Therneau TM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Ballman KV, Gabriel SE. How much of the increased incidence of heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to traditional cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic heart disease? Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Oct;52(10):3039-44. doi: 10.1002/art.21349. |
| 18668561 | Background | Kremers HM, Crowson CS, Therneau TM, Roger VL, Gabriel SE. High ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Aug;58(8):2268-74. doi: 10.1002/art.23650. |
| 19858120 | Background | Crilly MA, Kumar V, Clark HJ, Scott NW, Macdonald AG, Williams DJ. Arterial stiffness and cumulative inflammatory burden in rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response relationship independent of established cardiovascular risk factors. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Dec;48(12):1606-12. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep305. Epub 2009 Oct 25. |
| 12695151 | Background | Klocke R, Cockcroft JR, Taylor GJ, Hall IR, Blake DR. Arterial stiffness and central blood pressure, as determined by pulse wave analysis, in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 May;62(5):414-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.62.5.414. |
| 22318811 | Background | Park S, Lakatta EG. Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness. Yonsei Med J. 2012 Mar;53(2):258-61. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.2.258. |
| 15911740 | Background | Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Schwartz JE, Lockshin MD, Paget SA, Davis A, Crow MK, Sammaritano L, Levine DM, Shankar BA, Moeller E, Salmon JE. Arterial stiffness in chronic inflammatory diseases. Hypertension. 2005 Jul;46(1):194-9. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000168055.89955.db. Epub 2005 May 23. |
| 25821796 | Background | Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Nunez-Atahualpa L, Figueroa-Sanchez M, Gomez-Banuelos E, Rocha-Munoz AD, Martin-Marquez BT, Corona-Sanchez EG, Martinez-Garcia EA, Macias-Reyes H, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Gamez-Nava JI, Navarro-Hernandez RE, Nunez-Atahualpa MA, Andrade-Garduno J. Serum levels of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein are associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness: a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients without cardiovascular risk factors. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:342649. doi: 10.1155/2015/342649. Epub 2015 Mar 2. |
| 18189187 | Background | Wallberg-Jonsson S, Caidahl K, Klintland N, Nyberg G, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S. Increased arterial stiffness and indication of endothelial dysfunction in long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008 Jan-Feb;37(1):1-5. doi: 10.1080/03009740701633238. |
| 28816989 | Background | Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Gomez-Banuelos E, Chavarria-Avila E, Cardona-Munoz E, Ramos-Becerra C, Alanis-Sanchez A, Cardona-Muller D, Grover-Paez F, Perez-Vazquez FJ, Navarro-Hernandez RE, Valadez-Soto JM, Saldana-Millan AA, Gonzalez-Rosas L, Ramos-Lopez G, Petri MH, Back M. Disease duration of rheumatoid arthritis is a predictor of vascular stiffness: a cross-sectional study in patients without known cardiovascular comorbidities: A STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Aug;96(33):e7862. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007862. |
| 32118001 | Derived | Perez-Vazquez F, Back M, Chavarria-Avila E, Gomez-Banuelos E, Ramos-Becerra CG, Pizano-Martinez O, Salazar-Paramo M, Grover-Paez F, Nava-Zavala AH, Cardona-Munoz EG, Cardona-Muller D, Duran-Barragan S, Mera-Riofrio VN, Prado-Bachega N, Vazquez-Del Mercado M. Enalapril Influence on Arterial Stiffness in Rheumatoid Arthritis Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Jan 29;6:341. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00341. eCollection 2019. |
| D003240 |
| Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D011480 |
| Protease Inhibitors |
| D004791 | Enzyme Inhibitors |
| D045504 | Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |