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Late-acquired sounds, such as /r/ are difficult to learn and many children experience persistent errors on these sounds. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether treating these sounds earlier in the child's life may result in better outcomes.
Late-acquired sounds, such as /r/ are difficult to learn and many children experience persistent errors on these sounds. However, these sounds are often treated later in a child's life because they are not expected to be fully acquired until quite late--age 7-8 for some sounds. This practice places treatment in a time of the child's development in which they struggle to learn new sounds.The purpose of the present study is to determine whether treating these sounds earlier in the child's life may result in better outcomes, and to examine treatment efficacy and efficiency for two methods of treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Motoric Arm | Active Comparator | Children will participate in an intervention based on traditional articulation approaches to speech therapy. |
|
| Phonologic Arm | Active Comparator | Children will receive intervention that targets the conceptual representation of sounds. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| articulation therapy | Behavioral | children receive instruction in producing new sounds at the isolation, syllable and word level. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Efficacy: Number of correct productions of treated speech sounds in treatment words | Accurate Production of treatment sound at baseline and at posttest | baseline until accuracy criterion is met; up to 18 weeks after final baseline session |
| Treatment Efficiency: Number of sessions required to meet accuracy criteria | Number of treatment sessions required to meet accuracy criteria (90% accuracy across three consecutive sessions or a maximum of 35 treatment sessions) | baseline until accuracy criterion is met; up to 18 weeks after final baseline session |
| Session Length: Mean duration of sessions in minutes | Start and end time of session is recorded on scoresheet, then number of minutes for each session for each participant is found and the mean across all sessions is calculated. | First treatment session until final treatment session. Final treatment session occurs when accuracy of treatment sound is met (90% accuracy across three consecutive sessions or a maximum of 35 treatment sessions) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Accuracy of production of untreated sounds measured on pretest and posttest probes | Some children may generalize their skills learned through treatment to sounds that were not treated in the trial. | baseline and at posttest up to 18 weeks after final baseline session |
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Inclusionary Criteria:
Exclusionary Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Breanna I. Krueger, PhD | University of Wyoming | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Wyoming | Laramie | Wyoming | 82071 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35801558 | Derived | Krueger BI, Storkel HL. The impact of age on the treatment of late-acquired sounds in children with speech sound disorders. Clin Linguist Phon. 2023 Sep 2;37(9):783-801. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2022.2093130. Epub 2022 Jul 8. |
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Young children (age 4-5) and Old children (age 7-8) will be enrolled in either a Motoric behavioral treatment arm or phonological treatment arm.
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| phonologic treatment | Behavioral | children receive instruction in producing new sounds at the word level |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D066229 | Speech Sound Disorder |
| D001184 | Articulation Disorders |
| D013064 | Speech Disorders |
| D007805 | Language Development Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003147 | Communication Disorders |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D007806 | Language Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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