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The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of using mirror box therapy as a therapeutic technique amongst patients with functional movement disorders. It is hypothesized that a brief, single, in-office mirror therapy session will lead to a noticeable decrease in FMD-related involuntary movements.
Patients diagnosed with Functional Movement Disorder presenting with a unilateral or asymmetrical bilateral hand tremor will be asked to participate in a series of hand exercises with and without a mirror box. The severity of the tremor will be rated subjectively by the subject and objectively by the neurologist after hand exercises with and without the mirror box.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Simplified Functional Movement Disorders Rating Scale (s-FMDRS) score post exercise | The difference in scored movement severity in the more affected hand based on the modified s-FMDRS scale during the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) exam after the exercises with vs. without the mirror box. Movements are scored by video raters on a scale of 0-3, and higher score indicates more severe movement. | Because this is a one-time visit study, outcome will be measured during the visit, data reported at study conclusion after successfully recruiting 14 subjects and completing analysis with projected finish date in 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Simplified Functional Movement Disorders Rating Scale (s-FMDRS) score during exercise | The difference in scored movement severity in the more affected hand based on the modified s-FMDRS scale with vs. without the mirror box during exercise. Movements are scored by video raters on a scale of 0-3, and a higher score indicates more severe movement. | Because this is a one-time visit study, outcome will be measured during the visit, data reported at study conclusion after successfully recruiting 14 subjects and completing analysis with projected finish date in 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients diagnosed with functional movement disorder (functional tremor) by a fellowship trained movement disorders neurologist
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Xin Xin Yu, MD | The Cleveland Clinic | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cleveland Clinic | Cleveland | Ohio | 44195 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24356785 | Background | Ricciardi L, Edwards MJ. Treatment of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan;11(1):201-7. doi: 10.1007/s13311-013-0246-x. | |
| 24092294 | Background | Morgante F, Edwards MJ, Espay AJ. Psychogenic movement disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013 Oct;19(5 Movement Disorders):1383-96. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000436160.41071.79. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003291 | Conversion Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013001 | Somatoform Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Change in self-perception | The difference in patient self-perception of movement severity based on a self-perception scale after the task with vs. without the mirror box. Patient scores movement on a scale of 0-4, with a higher score indicating more severe movement. | Because this is a one-time visit study, outcome will be measured during the visit, data reported at study conclusion after successfully recruiting 14 subjects and completing analysis with projected finish date in 1 year |
| 29783067 | Background | Jacob AE, Kaelin DL, Roach AR, Ziegler CH, LaFaver K. Motor Retraining (MoRe) for Functional Movement Disorders: Outcomes From a 1-Week Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program. PM R. 2018 Nov;10(11):1164-1172. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.05.011. Epub 2018 May 18. |
| 23841968 | Background | Arya KN, Pandian S. Effect of task-based mirror therapy on motor recovery of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients: a pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2013 May-Jun;20(3):210-7. doi: 10.1310/tsr2003-210. |
| 18032777 | Background | Chan BL, Witt R, Charrow AP, Magee A, Howard R, Pasquina PF, Heilman KM, Tsao JW. Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 22;357(21):2206-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc071927. No abstract available. |
| 18621484 | Background | Moseley LG, Gallace A, Spence C. Is mirror therapy all it is cracked up to be? Current evidence and future directions. Pain. 2008 Aug 15;138(1):7-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.06.026. Epub 2008 Jul 14. No abstract available. |
| 20359825 | Background | Diers M, Christmann C, Koeppe C, Ruf M, Flor H. Mirrored, imagined and executed movements differentially activate sensorimotor cortex in amputees with and without phantom limb pain. Pain. 2010 May;149(2):296-304. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.020. Epub 2010 Mar 31. |
| Background | Jose N. Mirror Box Therapy. Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2014 Apr;2(2):97-9. |
| 27288800 | Background | Chatterjee P, Banerjee R, Choudhury S, Mondal B, Kulsum MU, Chatterjee K, Kumar H. Mirror movements in Parkinson's disease: An under-appreciated clinical sign. J Neurol Sci. 2016 Jul 15;366:171-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.026. Epub 2016 May 14. |