Patients at the Orthodontic Department of University of Damascus Dental School will be examined and subjects who meet the inclusion criteria will be included.

Then, initial diagnostic records (diagnostic gypsum models, internal and external oral photographs, as well as radiographic images) will be studied to ensure that the selection criteria are accurately matched.

The aim of this study is to compare flapless bone cutting by mechanical drills to evaluate the acceleration of the retraction of upper canines versus traditional bone cutting by piezo-surgery in comparison with a control group without bone cutting after extraction of upper first premolars in class II type I patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18-27 years

• Patients who have malocclusion class II type I and who require first-premolar extraction with:

• Dentoalveolar class II type I with ANB between 5 and 9 degrees.

• Protrusion between (5-10 mm)

• Overbite between (0-4)

• Vertical dimension is normal or over the normal range

• Mild to moderate crowding

• All patients should have complete permanent occlusion on the maxilla

• All patients should have normal periodontal tissue and good oral health, which will be assessed by:

  1. Depth of the gingival pocket does not exceed 4 mm
  2. Plaque index does not exceed 1
  3. Gingival index does not exceed 1

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients in which oral surgery under local anesthesia is contraindicated due to medical, psychological, or social reasons.
• Patients who have a general health problem that affects dental movement
• Patients who have undergone previous orthodontic treatment
• Patients with mixed occlusion
• Patients who have lost one or more of their teeth since birth or who have one of the permanent teeth extracted (except the third molar)
• Patients who have bad oral health or active periodontal disease