Concerns around a high rate of thrombosis associated with kinking between the pod and the non-ringed graft.

The CSP-1001 study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the InnAVasc arteriovenous graft (AVG) when implanted in and used for hemodialysis in participants suffering from end stage renal failure (ESRD). The InnAVasc AVG is implanted and used similar to other standard of care dialysis grafts currently on the market. However, the InnAVasc AVG has been uniquely designed to potentially allow for immediate needle access (same day as implant surgery as opposed to 2-4 weeks of waiting), to potentially reduce excessive bleeding from the graft after dialysis, and it may provide protection from improper or missed needle cannulation attempts.

The CSP-1001 study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the InnAVasc arteriovenous graft (AVG) when implanted in and used for hemodialysis in participants suffering from end stage renal failure (ESRD). The InnAVasc AVG is implanted and used similar to other standard of care dialysis grafts currently on the market. However, the InnAVasc AVG has been uniquely designed to potentially allow for immediate needle access (same day as implant surgery as opposed to 2-4 weeks of waiting), to potentially reduce excessive bleeding from the graft after dialysis, and it may provide protection from improper or missed needle cannulation attempts.

This clinical investigation is a prospective, multi-center, single arm, non-randomized study. Participants with ESRD who require hemodialysis and are suitable for an AVG for hemodialysis access will be eligible for inclusion in the study. Suitable participants will be implanted with an InnAVasc AVG in the forearm or upper arm using standard vascular surgical techniques. The graft will be placed in a "straight" (soft "C") configuration in the upper arm, or looped configuration in the forearm (forearm loop) or upper arm (axillary loop). Twenty-six (26) participants will be enrolled to be implanted with the InnAVasc AVG from up to 7 investigational sites in the United States.

The primary effectiveness endpoint of secondary graft patency will be assessed at 6 months but the total study duration is 24 months. The primary safety endpoint will include characterization of dialysis graft adverse events over 6 months. It is hypothesized that the InnAVasc AVG will provide a secondary patency rate similar to the current standard of care dialysis access grafts on the market, but will have the potential to reduce needle cannulation-related adverse events and complications.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with ESRD who are not, or who are no longer, candidates for creation of an autologous AV fistula and therefore need placement of an AV graft to start or maintain hemodialysis therapy;
• Age 18 to 80 years old, inclusive;
• Suitable anatomy for implantation of upper arm "straight" or looped graft, or forearm looped graft (graft not to cross the bend of the elbow);
• For patients NOT on Coumadin / warfarin, international normalized ratio (INR) ≤1.5;
• Able and willing to give informed consent;
• Anticipated life expectancy of at least 1 year.

Additional inclusion criteria on Day 0 (intraoperative):

• Both vessels have been exposed and are deemed appropriate for implantation implantation (i.e. based on the surgeon's opinion, artery is of adequate size, has adequate pulse to support AV access flow and is safely clampable (i.e. artery has lack of significant calcification); and the vein is of adequate size, free of localized sclerosis, and is free of immediate outflow obstruction).

Exclusion Criteria:

• History or evidence of severe cardiac disease (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Functional Class III or IV), myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment, ventricular tachyarrhythmias requiring continuing treatment, or unstable angina;
• Diabetes with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 10%
• For upper arm straight configuration, antecubital fossa crease to axillary crease distance < 18 cm.
• History or evidence of severe peripheral arterial disease in the extremity selected for implant (i.e. arterial inflow insufficient to support hemodialysis access);
• Known or suspected central vein stenosis or obstruction on the side of planned graft implantation;
• In the opinion of the investigator, baseline hypotension, or history of frequent hypotensive episodes during dialysis that puts the patient at increased risk of graft thrombosis;
• In the opinion of the investigator, uncontrolled hypertension;
• Baseline hemoglobin <8 g/dL;
• Baseline platelet count <100,000 or >500,000 cells/mm3;
• Documented history of stroke within 6 months prior to enrollment;
• Treatment with any investigational drug or device within 30 days prior to enrollment;
• Female patients who are pregnant, intending to become pregnant, nursing or intending to breastfeed during the study (pregnancy test may only be omitted, if patient is post-menopausal or has a documented history of hysterectomy);
• History of cancer with active disease or treatment within the previous year, except for non-invasive basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin;
• Immunodeficiency, including documented history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for treatment of an acute inflammatory event or autoimmune flare. Chronic immunosuppressive therapy is acceptable;
• Documented or suspected hypercoagulable state;
• Bleeding diathesis, other than that associated with ESRD;
• Documented history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT);
• Active local or systemic infection as documented from the medical history or bloodwork / blood culture data. If the infection resolves, the subject must be at least one-week post resolution of that infection before implantation;
• Scheduled renal transplant within 6 months;
• Any other condition which in the judgment of the investigator would preclude adequate evaluation