Chronic radiation enteropathy (CRE) is a major issue for long-term cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to clarify the diagnostic and therapeutic effect of the Gastrografin (GG) challenge for patients with CRE induced small bowel obstruction SBO.

Inclusion Criteria:

• with a first diagnosis of CRE combined with SBO and ASBO that was determined by clinical history, computed tomography (CT) manifestation, and confirmed by intraoperative and histologic findings.
• radiation therapy completed at least 6 months before enrolment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• a colostomy or ileostomy;
• large bowel obstruction;
• with a known history of either allergy or hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast agents;
• with signs of strangulation;
• metastatic disease;
• obstruction within 4 weeks after a recent operation or serious comorbidity.