The phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of bortezomib in combination with lenalidomide as maintenance therapy in high risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who receive lenalidomide,bortezomib, and dexamethasone Combination as induction therapy.

The aim of front-line therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) is to substantially decrease tumor burden, either in preparation for consolidation with high-dose melphalan therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or as a means in itself to provide long-term disease control. The degree of disease reduction is associated with improved outcome, including prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS),both after preparation for or after consolidation with ASCT,and in patients not proceeding to ASCT.The introduction of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide has been associated with improved survival. Combinations of bortezomib or lenalidomide with conventional anti-MM drugs have demonstrated very high overall response rates and quality of response in the front-line setting, as reviewed recently.The phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of bortezomib in combination with lenalidomide as maintenance therapy in high risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who receive lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone(VRD) Combination as induction therapy.The investigators gave patients subcutaneous bortezomib on days 1, 8,15, and 22; oral lenalidomide on days 1 to 21; and oral dexamethasone on days 1, 8, 15 and 12 of a 28-day cycle.Patients are allowed to interrupt therapy for collection of stem cells at any time after three cycles of induction, and to proceed to stem-cell transplantation after four cycles of induction at the discretion of the treating physician.Two months after hematologic recovery, nonprogressive patients are to receive consolidation therapy comprising two 4-week cycles of VRD or the second autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (determined by the attending physician according to the patient's physical condition, willingness and the number of CD34 + cells collected).Patients who do not proceed to stem-cell transplantation receive a total of 12 courses of VRD induction therapy(dexamethasone dosage will be reduced to 20mg from the 9th course of treatment). Responding patients could receive maintenance therapy comprising 4-week cycles of bortezomib on days 1 and 15 at the dose level of 1.3mg/m2 and lenalidomide on days 1 to 21 at the dose level of 10mg.Participants discontinued treatment if participants had progressive disease or unacceptable toxic eff ects not controlled with dose modifications.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient has a newly diagnosis of multiple myeloma
• Patient requires treatment for multiple myeloma
• Subject have high-risk characteristics.Our definition for high risk multiple myeloma :(1) with cytogenetic abnormalities including del(17p),t(4;14),t(14;16),and/or t(14;20) ;(2) R-ISS III；(3) ISS III and no complete remission is achieved before maintenance therapy.
• Subject has measurable disease as defined by > 0.5 g/dL serum monoclonal protein, >10 mg/dL involved serum free light chain (either kappa or lambda) provided that the serum free light chain ratio is abnormal, >0.2 g/24 hrs urinary M-protein excretion, and/or measurable plasmacytoma(s) of at least 1cm in greatest dimension as measured by either CT scanning or MRI
• Subject has a Karnofsky performance status ≥60%
• Subject has a life expectancy ≥ 3 months
• Subjects must meet the following laboratory parameters:

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥750 cells/mm3 (1.0 x 109/L) Hemoglobin ≥ 7 g/dL Platelet count ≥ 75,000/mm3 (30 x 109/L if extensive bone marrow infiltration) Serum SGOT/AST <3.0 x upper limits of normal (ULN) Serum SGPT/ALT <3.0 x upper limits of normal (ULN) Serum total bilirubin <2.0 mg/dL (34 µmol/L) Creatinine clearance ≥ 30 cc/min

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subject has immeasurable MM (no measurable monoclonal protein, free light chains in blood or urine, or measureable plasmacytoma on radiologic scanning)
• Subject has a prior history of other malignancies unless disease-free for ≥ 5 years, except for basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast, or localized prostate cancer with Gleason score < 7 with stable prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels
• Subject has had myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment, or NYHA (New York Hospital Association) Class III or IV heart failure (see Appendix VI), Ejection Fraction < 35%, uncontrolled angina, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia or active conduction system abnormalities
• Female subject who is pregnant or lactating
• Subject has known HIV infection
• Subject has known active hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection
• Subject has active viral or bacterial infections or any coexisting medical problem that would significantly increase the risks of this treatment program
• Subject is unable to reliably take oral medications
• Subject has a history of thromboembolic event within the past 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• Subject has any clinically significant medical or psychiatric disease or condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with protocol adherence or a subject's ability to give informed consent