This group of women have tested positive for HR-HPV at annual cervical cancer screening and have been invited to participate in the study. They will be asked to use a menstrual pad we provide that collects a sample of their menstrual blood (strip). The strip will be mailed back to us for analysis (Menstrual Blood Analysis). These women will also be asked to conduct a self-swab vaginally to be sent back to us for analysis. These women will return 6-months after their positive HR-HPV for standard of care testing. All results of the standard of care tests, menstrual blood tests, and self-swab tests will be compared.

We will be testing women's menstrual blood to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of assessing HR-HPV DNA and HPV E6/E7 mRNA via self-collected menstrual blood from a menstrual pad.

The clinician collected a vaginal swab to detect HPV, then participants used a modified menstrual pad to self-collect a sample within 2 months of the clinician collected swab (may have happened at up to 4 mo.). Participants may have had prior history of dysplasia or HPV positivity, or were from general population receiving regular check-up.

Agreement between the clinician-collected swabs and participant-collected menstrual samples was assessed in:

• Participants who sent their sample to the lab within 2 months, and whose sample was analyzed for the presence of HPV
• Participants enrolled at the time of a previously scheduled colposcopy, with a biopsy taken (if clinically appropriate) showing moderate-to-severe dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2 or worse)
• Participants enrolled at the time of a previously scheduled colposcopy, with a biopsy taken showing moderate-to-severe dysplasia, and participants whose laboratory results indicated presence of high-risk HPV.

Testing of women's menstrual blood to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of assessing HR-HPV DNA and HPV E6/E7 mRNA self-collected via menstrual pad.

The clinician collected a vaginal swab to detect HPV, then participants used a modified menstrual pad to self-collect a sample within 2 months of the clinician collected swab (may have happened at up to 4 mo.). Participants may have had prior history of dysplasia or HPV positivity, or were from general population receiving regular check-up.

Agreement between the clinician-collected swabs and participant-collected menstrual samples was assessed in:

• Participants who sent their sample to the lab within 2 months, and whose sample was analyzed for the presence of HPV
• Participants enrolled at the time of a previously scheduled colposcopy, with a biopsy taken (if clinically appropriate) showing moderate-to-severe dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2 or worse)
• Participants enrolled at the time of a previously scheduled colposcopy, with a biopsy taken showing moderate-to-severe dysplasia, and participants whose laboratory results indicated presence of high-risk HPV.

Participants with specimens meeting clinical criteria for each analysis category

Testing of women's menstrual blood to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of assessing HR-HPV DNA and HPV E6/E7 mRNA self-collected via menstrual pad.