High Flow Oxygen VERSUS Non Invasive Ventilation Associated to Automated Flow Oxygen Titration After Patient Extubation

High Flow Oxygen (HFO) VERSUS Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) Associated to Automated Flow Oxygen Titration (AFOT) After Extubation in Patient With Respiratory Risk: Non-inferiority Prospective Comparative Study

Extubation stay at high risk of reintubation even scheduled and in the best condition of hematosis. Re-intubation's rate in main studies in chronic obstructive diseases reach to 20% and it is associated to a higher mortality, higher pneumonia under mechanic ventilation, and higher duration of hospitalization especially in intensive care units.

Place of NIV in this situation is still on evaluation. A recent meta-analysis demonstrates that use of NIV in post-extubation in COPD seems to decrease re-intubation rate.

HFO, thanks to its properties (oxygen, humidification and heat with high flow) could be useful in this population in ventilatory weaning. Compared to oxygen conventional therapy with high-concentration mask, HFO seems to be as efficient and better tolerated. A recent study shows that HFO is non-inferior to NVI in post-extubation in patient with high risk of re-intubation.

Furthermore, oxygenation in post-extubation should be optimized to avoid hypoxemia and hypercapnia in this patient at risk of hypoventilation. Place of AFOT could improve hematosis by providing adapted flow of oxygen to each patient.

The investigator choose the hypothesis for this study that HFO is as effective and tolerated in post-extubation than NIV with AFOT.

A recent meta-analysis demonstrates that use of NIV in post-extubation in obstructive chronic bronchopathies seems to decrease re-intubation rate.

High Flow Oxygen, thanks to its properties (oxygen, humidification and heat with high flow) could be useful in this population in ventilatory weaning. Compared to oxygen conventional therapy with high-concentration mask, High Flow Oxygen seems to be as efficient and better tolerated . A recent study shows that High Flow Oxygen is non-inferior to Non Invasive Ventilation in post-extubation in patient with high risk of re-intubation.

Furthermore, oxygenation in post-extubation should be optimized to avoid hypoxemia and hypercapnia in this patient at risk of hypoventilation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient with respiratory disease suspected or proved (COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, obstructive insufficient respiratory, restrictive insufficient respiratory) when an extubation is scheduled.
• Patient who signed the informed consent
• Patient affiliated to social insurance

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant woman
• Terminal extubation
• NIV at home before intubation (non-exclusion of continue positive airway pressure: CPAP)
• Tracheotomy
• Patient under trusteeship, guardianship or safeguard of justice