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The rationale behind this RCT is to assess within 24 hours after surgery the quality of recovery of prostatectomy patients treated with 3 different analgesia concepts (intraoperative spinal analgesia, transversus abdominis plane block, intravenous lidocaine administration) using the quality of recovery (QoR) 15 questionnaire.
Prostatectomy (open or robotic assisted) is a major urological surgery, which is associated with relevant acute postoperative pain. Perioperative analgesic techniques aiming at optimizing postoperative analgesia have to be investigated. Optimal postoperative pain management is one of the key factors leading to enhanced recovery after surgery. Optimal analgesia should aim for optimized patient comfort, fast functional recovery with the fewest side effects thus encouraging the DREAMS concept (DRinking, EAting, Mobilizing and Sleeping).
The perioperative additional use of a spinal single shot analgesia, or a transversus abdominis plane block to general anaesthesia are validated options to enhance pain therapy compared to systemic analgesia alone. However, if the impact on pain scores has been described previously, the impact on the quality of recovery (QoR) is still unclear. Using the assessment of QoR allows for a much more objective and broader assessment of the quality of the postoperative treatment. Indeed, patient's perioperative experience cannot be only focused on pain scores but should involve items like physical independence, patient support, comfort, emotion. All these items are included in already validated QoR questionnaires like the QoR 15 or QoR 40.
The rationale behind this randomized, parallel group, single centre, interventional, active controlled trial is to assess with the QoR 15questionnaire within 24 hours after surgery the quality of recovery of prostatectomy patients treated with 3 different analgesia concepts.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| spinal analgesia SSS | Experimental | Patients will receive a spinal analgesia (group SSS) with a single shot of bupivacaine 0.5% combined with fentanyl intrathecally during induction of anaesthesia. The technique used is referred to daily practice. All patients included in the study will receive the same postoperative multimodal analgesia starting at the end of surgery with the following regimen: 30 mg ketorolac 3* per day for 48 hours intravenously and 1 gr 4* per day metamizol intravenously or per oral, depending of the return of bowel function as baseline analgesia during length of hospitalization. Additional rescue analgesia will be provided and consisted in boluses of 25 mcg fentanyl intravenously (first 24 hours) and thereafter 5-10 mg oxycodone tablets (per oral administration). Postoperative rehabilitation according to the investigators enhanced recovery program including early mobilization and drinking (clear drinks). |
|
| TAP block | Experimental | Patients will receive a TAP block with a single shot of ropivacaine 0.375% combined with clonidine bilaterally. The technique used is referred to daily practice. The blocks will be performed under ultrasound guidance. All patients included in the study will receive the same postoperative multimodal analgesia starting at the end of surgery with the following regimen: 30 mg ketorolac 3* per day for 48 hours intravenously and 1 gr 4* per day metamizol intravenously or per oral, depending of the return of bowel function as baseline analgesia during length of hospitalization. Additional rescue analgesia will be provided and consisted in boluses of 25 mcg fentanyl intravenously (first 24 hours) and thereafter 5-10 mg oxycodone tablets (per oral administration). Postoperative rehabilitation according to the investigators enhanced recovery program including early mobilization and drinking (clear drinks). |
|
| Standard | Active Comparator |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinal anesthesia | Procedure | Injection of a single shot of local anesthetic bupivacaine 0.5% combined with 20 mcg fentanyl intrathecally. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of Recovery | Changes in Quality of Recovery using the validated 15 items quality of recovery (QoR-15) score : QoR is a patient reported outcome short questionnaire that measure the quality of recovery after surgery and anaesthesia. It incorporates 5 dimensions of health (patient support, comfort, emotions, physical independence, pain). This is a shortened validated version of the QoR 40 including 15 items. QoR-15, with a score range from 0 to 150, is easy to perform. Recently a meta-analysis showed that QoR 15 fulfils requirements for outcome measurement instruments. | From preoperative to postoperative day (POD) 1 i.e. within 24 hours after initiation of intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) | Groups will be assessed for postoperative nausea/vomiting by verbal descriptive scale at 6, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Verbal descriptive Scale 0 No nausea
| during the first 48 hours postoperatively |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Patrick Wüthrich, MD | University Hospital Berne | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patrick Wuethrich, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Bern Inselspital Bern | Bern | Canton of Bern | 3010 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35960649 | Derived | Beilstein CM, Huber M, Furrer MA, Loffel LM, Wuethrich PY, Engel D. Impact of analgesic techniques on early quality of recovery after prostatectomy: A 3-arm, randomized trial. Eur J Pain. 2022 Oct;26(9):1990-2002. doi: 10.1002/ejp.2020. Epub 2022 Aug 21. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000775 | Anesthesia, Spinal |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000765 | Anesthesia, Conduction |
| D000758 | Anesthesia |
| D000760 | Anesthesia and Analgesia |
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Randomized, parallel group, single centre, interventional, active controlled trial
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Standard care for prostatectomy in the investigators institution consists in the concomitant systemic administration of lidocaine to standard general anaesthesia. Lidocaine will administered initially during induction with a bolus of 1.5 mg per kgBW, followed by an infusion of 1.5 mg per kgBW per hour for 24 hours. All patients included in the study will receive the same postoperative multimodal analgesia starting at the end of surgery with the following regimen: 30 mg ketorolac 3* per day for 48 hours and 1 gr 4* per day metamizol intravenously or per oral, depending of the return of bowel function as baseline analgesia during length of hospitalization. Additional rescue analgesia will be provided and consisted in boluses of 25 mcg fentanyl intravenously (first 24 hours) and thereafter 5-10 mg oxycodone tablets. Postoperative rehabilitation according to the investigators enhanced recovery program including early mobilization and drinking (clear drinks). |
|
| TAP Block | Device | TAP block with a single shot of 20ml ropivacaine 0.375% combined with 75 mcg clonidine bilaterally |
|
| Standard | Other | Concomitant systemic administration of lidocaine (as an adjuvant) to the standard general anaesthesia. Lidocaine will administered initially during induction with a bolus of 1.5 mg per kgBW, followed by an infusion of 1.5 mg per kgBW per hour for 24 hours. |
|
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| Pain Score |
Pain will be assessed with the use of pain scores (incisional pain, "deep" visceral pain and pain during coughing/mobilization) according to the validated numeric rating scale (NRS with a range of 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain)). |
| within 6 hours postoperatively, on POD 1 and 2 |
| Gastrointestinal Function | Return of gastrointestinal function (first flatus, first defecation, tolerance to food) in days. | During length of stay, expected to be on average 5 to 7 days |
| Opioid Consumption | Use/amount of opioids intraoperative and postoperatively (transformed in morphine equivalent per 24 hours) | Within the first 48 hours postoperatively |