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The aim of this study is to compare the effect of mesial and distal adjacent gingival biotypes of the tooth / teeth region of free gingival graft (FGG) on the shrinkage ratio of graft at 6 months postoperatively.
The concept of gingival and periodontal phenotype was established as a result of clinical observation of changes in facial keratinized tissue width and thickness .It has been reported that gingival or periodontal diseases may develop more frequently in patients with thin gingival biotypes and that thick-flat biotype in implant restorations is important in achieving a successful aesthetic treatment outcome.
Free gingival graft (FGG) is a mucogingival surgical procedure that is successfully used in the presence of inadequate keratinized gingival width and gingival recession. It is thought that factors that may adversely affect the continuity of graft nutrition may be effective in graft shrinkage. These reasons can be listed as follows; graft thickness, traumatic surgical procedure, graft dehydration, and suturing procedure.
There was no study investigating the effect of periodontal biotypes on graft contraction in the region adjacent to the FGG operation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Active Comparator | Thin Biotype group has described as Group 1. The biotypes of the terminal teeth adjacent to the free gingival graft region were determined by the "Probe transparency method". The mesial terminal tooth (MTT) was defined as the first tooth adjacent to the mesial side of the tooth / teeth to which the FGG will be applied. The distal terminal tooth (DTT) was defined as the first tooth adjacent to the distal side of the tooth / teeth to which the FGG will be applied. If MTT and DTT had thin biotype, the patient was assigned to the thin biotype group. |
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| Group 2 | Active Comparator | Thick biotype group has described as Group 2. The biotypes of the terminal teeth adjacent to the free gingival graft region were determined by the "Probe transparency method". The mesial terminal tooth (MTT) was defined as the first tooth adjacent to the mesial side of the tooth / teeth to which the FGG will be applied. The distal terminal tooth (DTT) was defined as the first tooth adjacent to the distal side of the tooth / teeth to which the FGG will be applied. If MTT and DTT had thick biotype, the patient was assigned to the thick biotype group. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| free gingival graft | Procedure | A horizontal incision was made along the mucogingival line with a scalpel number 15 to prepare a bed of periosteum and a thin immobilized connective tissue. The moving gingival tissues were removed coronally, and the bed was prepared so that the immobilized keratinized gingival tissue was preserved and the graft was placed apically. The template of the recipient region was placed in the donor region to be 2-3 mm more apically than the gingival margins of the teeth. The number of 15 scalpel was used to make incision at the template border and perpendicular to the keratinized tissue. The graft thickness was standardized in all patients between 1.5-2 mm. FGG was placed over the recipient bed and 5/0 non-resorbable monofilament sutures were used for fixing the four corners of the graft. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The graft shrinkage ratio | Graft shrinkage = Preoperative area - Postoperative area X 100 Preoperative area | baseline - 6th months postoperatively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| keratinized ginigival width | Keratinized Gingival Width(KGW) was measured using a lugol solution (10% potassium iodide and 5% iodine) with a manual caliper spaced 0.5 mm from the mid-buccal point of the tooth, the distance between the gingival margin and mucogingival junction from MTT, DTT and the teeth/tooth in operation area. | baseline - 6th months postoperatively |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| serap karakış akcan, Phd | İstanbul Aydın University, Faculty of Dentistry | Study Director |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17294229 | Background | Hatipoglu H, Keceli HG, Guncu GN, Sengun D, Tozum TF. Vertical and horizontal dimensional evaluation of free gingival grafts in the anterior mandible: a case report series. Clin Oral Investig. 2007 Jun;11(2):107-13. doi: 10.1007/s00784-006-0084-x. Epub 2007 Feb 9. | |
| 24494804 | Result | Gumus P, Buduneli E. Graft stabilization with cyanoacrylate decreases shrinkage of free gingival grafts. Aust Dent J. 2014 Mar;59(1):57-64. doi: 10.1111/adj.12149. Epub 2014 Feb 4. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005889 | Gingival Recession |
| D001284 | Atrophy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005882 | Gingival Diseases |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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Determination of graft area measurements and shrinkage ratio of all photographs was performed by a periodontologist , an independent specialist who had not performed any surgical procedures.
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| 19431956 | Result | Barbosa FI, Correa DS, Zenobio EG, Costa FO, Shibli JA. Dimensional changes between free gingival grafts fixed with ethyl cyanoacrylate and silk sutures. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2009 Apr;11(2):170-6. |
| D055093 |
| Periodontal Atrophy |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |