Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare (30 cases / million / year in France) and serious disease (20 % of deaths during hospitalization and 40 % after 5 years). The development of an IE results from the meeting between a bacteremia and a pre-existent heart disorder, most of the time valvular, allowing the transplant of the circulating bacteria and their multiplication in the endocardium. Recommendations of prophylactic antibiotic treatment have been established since 1954 for some medical, particularly dental procedures, at the origin of bacteremia. But this policy has recently been questioned because its efficacy has not been demonstrated.

The purpose of this study is identify the situations with risk, by comparing the oral health status and the hygiene of patients having an IE with oral streptococci to those in patients having an IE with microorganisms not of oral origin.

It is a case-control observational study. The IE cases are recruited in hospitals participating to the french prospective observational "EI2008" cohort.

Cases are IE with oral streptococci whereas controls are IE with microorganisms not of oral origin.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Major patient
• Definite IE caused by oral streptococci (case) or by non-oral pathogens (control)

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Patients with definite IE treated in one of the participating hospitals.