The Impact of Citrus Products on Cardiovascular Health

Effects of Blood Orange Juice Consumption on Endothelial Function in Healthy Overweight/Obese Men and Premenopausal Women of European Origin

Epidemiological studies have indicated that the consumption of citrus fruit is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, clinical data regarding the effects of blood orange juice upon endothelial function is scarce. This randomised, crossover study investigates whether blood orange juice compared to a control drink improves blood vessel function and other cardiovascular health indicators (such as blood pressure and blood lipids). All the subjects will be asked to consume blood orange juice and a control drink in a randomised order, each over a 2-week period, divided by a 1-week wash out period.

Endothelial function measured via flow mediated dilation (FMD), blood pressure, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and endothelin 1 (ET-1), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) will be evaluated in healthy overweight/obese Caucasians prior to and following 2-week consumption of blood orange juice and a control drink. Evaluation of endothelial function as measured by FMD will be conducted on specific days of the menstrual cycle to minimise the fluctuation in oestrogen levels in premenopausal women, which will be monitored in serum samples.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Generally healthy
• Caucasians (of European origin)
• BMI > 25 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of cardiovascular diseases
• Smoking
• Use of medications or dietary supplements (vitamins, antioxidants)
• On a special diet and/or a training program to change weight