Background: Impairment in the control of balance is a common problem among elderly patients especially whom with osteoarthritis (OA).

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of single-task and dual-task training on balance performance in the elderly osteoarthritic patients with balance impairment.

Fifty elderly osteoarthritic patients with balance impairment were included into this study. Patients were randomly assigned to single task balance training (Group 1) or dual-task balance training (Group 2) groups. Balance activities were given to both groups for 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Patients in group 2 also performed cognitive tasks simultaneously with these exercises. Patients were evaluated with Berg balance scale (BBS), kinesthetic ability trainer (KAT 2000) static and dynamic scores, timed up and go test (TUTG) and walking speed for single and dual tasks, number of stopping and Activities Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale at the baseline and at the end of 4 weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

• included age ≥65, able to walk 10 m, no neurological or musculoskeletal diagnosis, met the criteria of balance impairment, and scored >19 on the mini mental state examination.

Exclusion Criteria:

• neurologic or musculoskeletal diagnosis such as stroke, orthopedic involvement, significant visual and auditory impairments, severe vitamin B12 deficiency and sedative drug use.