Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The study tries to identify whether positive expectations, induced with a placebo nasal-spray, have short- and longterm effects on participant's mood.
Healthy volunteers are informed that a new application method for a well-known antidepressant would be tested. They will randomly be assigned to the experimental group (taking the antidepressant which is in fact an active placebo) or the control group (not taking a placebo). Then participants watch a well established film sequence to induce sadness. Sadness is assessed before and after receiving the nasal spray and watching the film sequence. In the seven consecutive days the participant's mood is assessed each day, only the experimental group is taking the placebo each day. Afterwards participants will watch another sad film sequence and sadness will be assessed before and afterwards.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive Expectations Group | Experimental | Participants receive a nasal spray that is in fact a placebo. However, they are told that it protects from experiencing negative emotions and generally improves their mood. They take the nasal spay in the laboratory and on seven consecutive days. Participants watch two film sequences that are supposed to induce sadness. |
|
| No-treatment control group | No Intervention | Participants do not receive the nasal spray. Participants watch two film sequences that are supposed to induce sadness. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Other | Placebo nasal spray Film Sequence |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X) | Items of PANAS-X: Sadness Score ("sad", "blue", "downhearted", "alone", "lonely") and Items "Surprised", "concentrating", "happy". All Items will be rated on a visual analogue scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much). | Directly before and after watching the film sequence and on the following seven days, each assessment is taking four minutes, in total 36 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Coping with stress and daily hassles, general mood and concentration. | The following Items are developed by the authors and will also be rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. "How do you feel at the moment"? "How did you feel yesterday?" "How stress-resistent did you feel yesterday?" "How stress-resistant do you feel at the moment?" | On seven consecutive days, each assesment is taking 3-5 minutes, in total 21 to 35 minutes |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Winfried Rief, Professor | Philipps-Univeristy of Marburg | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philipps-Universität Marburg | Marburg | Deutschland | 35037 | Germany |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided