This phase I trial studies how well fluorine F 18 fluorthanatrace positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) works in patients with solid tumors. Fluorine F 18 fluorthanatrace is a radioactive tracer, a type of imaging agent that is labeled with a radioactive tag and injected into the body to help with imaging scans. PET/CT uses a scanner to make detailed, computerized pictures of areas inside the body. PET/CT with Fluorine F 18 fluorthanatrace may allow more tumor cells to be found in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

- Evaluate fluorine F 18 fluorthanatrace ([18F]Fluorthanatrace) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as an imaging biomarker of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 activity in 3 cohorts of cancer patients: 1) ovarian, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal 2) breast cancer, and 3) non-ovarian, non-breast solid tumor.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

• Evaluate the safety of [18F]Fluorthanatrace.
• Correlate [18F]Fluorthanatrace uptake measures with BRCA mutation status.
• Correlate [18F]Fluorthanatrace uptake measures with poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP-1) activity in tumor tissue samples in patients who undergo biopsies.
• Evaluate change in [18F]Fluorthanatrace uptake measures after therapy initiation with repeat imaging before and after treatment initiation.
• To confirm the variability of imaging findings from repeated [18F]FTT PET/CT over 1 week before treatment initiation
• Determine the change in [18F]FluorThanatrace uptake before treatment initiation and at time of clinical progression
• Correlate [18F]FluorThanatrace uptake at time of clinical progression measures with genetic reversion mutation status

OUTLINE:

Patients receive fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) intravenously (IV) and undergo FDG PET/CT scan over 20-30 minutes if they have not already had one per standard of care. At least 20-24 hours later, patients receive fluorine F 18 fluorthanatrace IV and undergo fluorine F 18 fluorthanatrace ([18F]FTT) PET/CT over 1 hour.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 24 hours.

Inclusion Criteria:

• History of known or suspected solid tumor.
• At least one lesion ≥ 1.0 cm that is seen on standard imaging (e.g. computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], ultrasound, fludeoxyglucose [FDG] PET/CT).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Females who are pregnant or breast feeding at the time of screening will not be eligible for this study; a urine pregnancy test will be performed in women of child-bearing potential < 2 weeks prior to screening as standard of care.
• Inability to tolerate imaging procedures in the opinion of an investigator or treating physician.
• Any current medical condition, illness, or disorder as assessed by medical record review and/or self-reported that is considered by a physician investigator to be a condition that could compromise participant safety or successful participation in the study.