The purpose of the study is to determine in vitro effects on mitochondrial function of selected chemical agents in human cells, and assess the capability of a cell-permeable succinate prodrug to attenuate toxic effects The project aims at repurposing this recent pharmaceutical discovery, currently being developed for treatment of toxic exposure, for an expanded indication to treat chemically induced mitochondrial toxicity.

The study duration per subject will be approximately 15 minutes to complete the one time blood collection.

Patient Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males or females age greater or equal 2 years of age
2. Weight greater or equal to 10 kg
3. Parental/guardian permission (informed consent) and if appropriate, child assent.

Patient Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known primary mitochondrial disorder.
2. Use of an investigational drug within 30 days prior to enrollment.
3. Parents/guardians or subjects who in the opinion of the Investigator, may be non-compliant with study schedules or procedures.

Volunteer Inclusion Criteria

1. Males or females > 18 years of age
2. Employee, trainee, or student informed consent

Volunteer Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior enrollment in this study.
2. Known primary mitochondrial disorder.
3. Use of an investigational drug within 30 days prior to enrollment.

Patients scheduled for elective surgery will be screened for eligibility. Volunteers who are employees, trainees, and students will be screened for eligibility.