Patients with low rectal cancer undergo intersphincteric resection assisted by Robotic

Patients with low rectal cancer undergo laparosocopic intersphincteric resection

robot-assisted intersphincteric resection for low location rectal cancer(T=1&2)

The days of indwelling catheter after operation The overall efficiency of urination function

Alterations in IIEF scores from baseline up to 18 months postoperatively - 15 item questionnaire, each item range from 0 - 5, with total score to 30. lower score indicates more severe erectile dysfunction (ED)

Alterations in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Instrument (FIQL) scores from baseline up to 18 months postoperatively - 29 items range from 1 (strongly agree) to 4 (strongly disagree); with a 1 indicating a lower functional status of quality of life. Scale scores are only calculated if at least half of the items have been answered

Alterations in FSFI from baseline up to 18 months postoperatively - 19-item self-report measure, each item ranges from 0-5, with full range from 2 to 36, with low score indicating sexual function disorder.