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REBOOT clinical trial will study whether long-term maintenance beta-blockers therapy results in a clinical benefit after heart attack without reduced left ventricular function. Half of the participants will be randomized to receive long-term beta-blocker therapy and the other half to no beta-blocker therapy after hospital discharge. All patients will be followed up for up to 5 years to determine the occurrence of adverse events (all cause mortality, re-infarction, and heart failure admission).
Pragmatic, controlled, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint clinical trial testing the benefits of beta-blocker maintenance therapy in patients discharged after an acute myocardial infarction (MI). Patients being discharged after an acute MI, with or without ST-segment elevation, and with a left ventricular ejection fraction >40%, and without history of heart failure (HF) prior to study inclusion, will be recruited. At discharge, patients will be randomized (1:1) to receive beta-blocker therapy (agent and dose according to treating physician) or no beta-blocker therapy. Primary outcome is the 5 years incidence of MACE (all cause mortality, reinfarction, heart failure admission).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-blocker therapy | Experimental | This is a strategy (pragmatic) trial. In patients allocated to "Beta-blocker therapy", beta blocker agent and dose are decided by treating physician. betablocker therapy chosen might be any of the following: atenolol bisoprolol carvedilol metoprolol nebivolol |
|
| Control (no beta-blocker therapy). | No Intervention | Do not receive beta -blocker therapy |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta blocker | Drug | long-term maintenance beta-blocker therapy |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence rate of the composite of "all-cause death, nonfatal reinfarction, or heart failure hospitalization" (MACE) | absolute number of patients experiencing deaths will be added to number of patients experiencing a non fatal reinfarction and to number of patients experiencing heart failure hospitalization. If a patient experience more than one of these events, only first event will be added for the sum of events EXAMPLE events in arm 1: 150 deaths+150 reinfarctions+150 heart failure hospitalizations= TOTAL 450 MACE (450 events/4234 patients enroled: event rate 10.63%) | 12-54 months since the beginning (median follow up anticipated 3.75 years) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 2.1 Incidence rate of individual components of the primary outcome. 2.2 Incidence rate of cardiac mortality. 2.3 Incidence of sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) and resuscitated cardiac arrest. | Absolute number of events (% from total patients recruited) of the components of the MACE (eg number of all cause deaths (% from patients included) in active arm vs control). First event of each individual component counts for secondary outcome. EXAMPLE all cause death events in in arm 1: 200 deaths (200 events/4234 patients enroled: event rate 4.72%). nonfatal reinfarctions in in arm 1: 150 reinfarctions (150 events/4234 patients enroled: event rate 3.54%). note that in the example of the primary outcome, only 150 deaths are counted and for the secondary outcome 200. This is because in this hypothetical case, 50 deaths occurred in patients who previously experienced a nonfatal reinfarction |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 3.1 Incidence of revascularizations during follow-up 3.2 Composite of cardiac death, stroke or myocardial infarction. 3.3 Safety endpoints 3.4 Quality of life and functional status (telephone evaluation): | 3.1: Absolute number of patients undergoing a revascularization procedure during follow-up (% from total patients recruited) note: revascularizations that were scheduled at patients' discharge inclusion WILL NOT be considered an event 3.2: absolute number of patients experiencing cardiac death will be added to number of patients experiencing a stroke and to number of patient experiencing a non fatal reinfarction. If a patient experience more than one of these events, only first event will be added for the sum of events 3.3 3.3.1: Incidence of admission for symptomatic advanced atrioventricular (AV) block (Mobitz II or third degree). Absolute number of patients admitted for symptomatic AV block (% from total patients recruited) 3.3.2: Incidence of hospital admission for stroke: Absolute number of patients admitted for a stroke during follow-up (% from total patients recruited) 3.4 EQ-5D questionnaire (0-100, 100 best) IIEF-5 quest (5-25, 25 best) PHQ-2 questionnaire (0-6, 6 worst) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Borja Ibañez, MD PhD FESC | CNIC | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teresa Masselli Mascia | San Severo | Foggia | Italy | |||
| Ospedale Civile Santi Antonio e Biagio |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34351426 | Background | Rossello X, Raposeiras-Roubin S, Latini R, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Barrabes JA, Sanchez PL, Anguita M, Fernandez-Vazquez F, Pascual-Figal D, De la Torre Hernandez JM, Ferraro S, Vetrano A, Perez-Rivera JA, Prada-Delgado O, Escalera N, Staszewsky L, Pizarro G, Aguero J, Pocock S, Ottani F, Fuster V, Ibanez B; REBOOT-CNIC investigators. Rationale and design of the pragmatic clinical trial tREatment with Beta-blockers after myOcardial infarction withOut reduced ejection fracTion (REBOOT). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2022 May 5;8(3):291-301. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab060. | |
| 42034335 |
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| 12-54 months since the beginning (median follow up anticipated 3.75 years) |
| 12-54 months since the beginning (median follow up anticipated 3.75 years) |
| Alessandria |
| Italy |
| Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti | Ancona | Italy |
| Ospedale Civile | Baggiovara | Italy |
| Istituto Maugeri IRCCS | Bari | Italy |
| Ospedale San Paolo | Bari | Italy |
| Ospedale Maggiore | Bologna | Italy |
| A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano di Caserta | Caserta | Italy |
| Santa Margherita | Cortona | Italy |
| Ospedale di Cremona | Cremona | Italy |
| Ospedale di Desio | Desio | Italy |
| Ospedale San Giuseppe | Empoli | Italy |
| Ospedale di Vaio | Fidenza | Italy |
| Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria - Ospedali Riuniti Foggia | Foggia | Italy |
| Ospedale C.G.Morgagni | Forlì | Italy |
| Ospedale Misericordia | Grosseto | Italy |
| Ospedale Gualdo Tadino | Gubbio | Italy |
| Ospedale Civile di Legnano | Legnano | Italy |
| Ospedale di Vizzolo Predabissi | Melegnano | Italy |
| Mario Negri | Milan | Italy |
| Ospedale San Paolo | Milan | Italy |
| Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria | Negrar | Italy |
| Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga | Orbassano | Italy |
| Policlinico San Marco | Osio Sotto | Italy |
| Villa Sofía, Palermo | Palermo | Italy |
| P.O. di Passirana | Passirana | Italy |
| Ospedale G. da Saliceto ,Piacenza | Piacenza | Italy |
| Ospedalel Santa Maria delle Croci | Ravenna | Italy |
| Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova | Reggio Emilia | Italy |
| Ospedale Infermi di Rimini | Rimini | Italy |
| San Filippo Neri | Roma | Italy |
| Presidio Ospedaliero di Saronno | Saronno | Italy |
| Ospedale Veris Delli Ponti | Scorrano | Italy |
| Ospedale Bolognini | Seriate | Italy |
| Ospedale di Treviglio | Treviglio | Italy |
| Ospedale di Udine | Udine | Italy |
| Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital | Madrid | Madrid | 28040 | Spain |
| Complejo hospitalario universitario a Coruña | A Coruña | Spain |
| Txagorritxu | Alava | Spain |
| Fundacion Alcorcon | Alcorcón | Spain |
| Virgen de los Lirios de Alcoy | Alcoy | Spain |
| H. San Juan | Alicante | Spain |
| Hospital Alto del Gualdalquivir | Andújar | Spain |
| San Agustin | Avilés | Spain |
| Centro Medico Teknon | Barcelona | Spain |
| Clinic | Barcelona | Spain |
| Consorci Sanitari Integral | Barcelona | Spain |
| Germans Trias i Pujol | Barcelona | Spain |
| H. Vall d´Hebron | Barcelona | Spain |
| Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau | Barcelona | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge | Barcelona | Spain |
| Hospital de Basurto | Bilbao | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Burgos | Burgos | Spain |
| H. Santa Lucía | Cartagena | Spain |
| Hosptial Universitario Reina Sofia | Córdoba | Spain |
| Hospital de Denia | Denia | Spain |
| Hospital universitario de Elche | Elche | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Vinalopo | Elche | Spain |
| H.Universitario de Elda | Elda | Spain |
| Hospital Arquitecto Macide | Ferrol | Spain |
| Hospital Galdakao Usansolo | Galdakao | Spain |
| Cabueñes | Gijón | Spain |
| Hospital San Cecilio | Granada | Spain |
| Hospital Virgen de las Nieves | Granada | Spain |
| H.U Juan Ramón Jimenez | Huelva | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Jaen | Jaén | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Spain |
| Hospital de Leon | León | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Arnau de Vilanova | Lleida | Spain |
| Lucus Augusti | Lugo | Spain |
| Clinica La Luz | Madrid | Spain |
| CNIC | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital 12 de Octubre | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Clinico | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Gregorio Marañon | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital Quirón Pozuelo | Madrid | Spain |
| Ruber Internacional | Madrid | Spain |
| Ruber Juan Bravo | Madrid | Spain |
| Hospital de Manresa | Manresa | Spain |
| Hospital regional Universitario de Malaga | Málaga | Spain |
| Hospital Alvarez Buylla | Mieres | Spain |
| Rey Juan Carlos | Móstoles | Spain |
| Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca | Murcia | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Central Asturias | Oviedo | Spain |
| Son Espases | Palma de Mallorca | Spain |
| Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra | Pamplona | Spain |
| Montecelo | Pontevedra | Spain |
| Clinico Universitario de Salamanca | Salamanca | Spain |
| Complejo hospitalario Universitario de Canarias | Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Spain |
| Hospital General de La Palma | Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Spain |
| Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria | Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Spain |
| Marques de Valdecilla | Santander | Spain |
| Complejo hospitalario universitario de Santiago | Santiago de Compostela | Spain |
| H. Virgen del Rocio | Seville | Spain |
| Virgen de la Macarena | Seville | Spain |
| Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII | Tarragona | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario Sant Joan de Reus | Tarragona | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Torrejon | Torrejón de Ardoz | Spain |
| Hospital Universitario de Torrevieja | Torrevieja | Spain |
| H. Verge de la Cinta | Tortosa | Spain |
| San Juan de la Cruz | Úbeda | Spain |
| Hospital Infanta Elena | Valdemoro | Spain |
| Hospital Clinico | Valencia | Spain |
| Hospital La Fe | Valencia | Spain |
| Hospital universitario doctor Peset | Valencia | Spain |
| IMED Valencia | Valencia | Spain |
| Hospital Clinico universitario de Valladolid | Valladolid | Spain |
| Río Hortega | Valladolid | Spain |
| Alvaro Cunqueiro | Vigo | Spain |
| Hospital General de Villalba | Villalba | Spain |
| Miguel Servet | Zaragoza | Spain |
| Derived |
| Raposeiras-Roubin S, Anguita M, Latini R, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Barrabes JA, Sanchez PL, Ottani F, Pocock S, Owen R, Cristobo P, Gomez-Talavera S, Staszewsky L, Escalera N, Fernandez-Vazquez F, Bianco M, Prada-Delgado O, Perez-Garcia CN, Pelizzoni V, Navarro F, Perez-Rivera JA, Martin-Gorria G, Vetrano A, Fuster V, Rossello X, Ibanez B. Beta-blockers after invasively managed STEMI vs NSTEMI without reduced ejection fraction: a prespecified analysis from the REBOOT trial. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2026 Apr 23:S1885-5857(26)00076-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2026.03.007. Online ahead of print. English, Spanish. |
| 40888702 | Derived | Ibanez B, Latini R, Rossello X, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Fernandez-Vazquez F, Pelizzoni V, Sanchez PL, Anguita M, Barrabes JA, Raposeiras-Roubin S, Pocock S, Escalera N, Staszewsky L, Perez-Garcia CN, Diez-Villanueva P, Perez-Rivera JA, Prada-Delgado O, Owen R, Pizarro G, Caldes O, Gomez-Talavera S, Tunon J, Bianco M, Zarauza J, Vetrano A, Campos A, Martinez-Huertas S, Bueno H, Puentes M, Grigis G, Bonilla-Palomas JL, Marco E, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Bangueses R, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Garcia-Alvarez A, Ruiz-Garcia J, Carrasquer A, Garcia-Rubira JC, Pascual-Figal D, Tomas-Querol C, San Roman JA, Baratta P, Aguero J, Martin-Reyes R, Colivicchi F, Ortas-Nadal R, Bazal P, Cordero A, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Basso P, Gonzalez E, Poletti F, Bugani G, Debiasio M, Cosmi D, Navazio A, Bermejo J, Tortorella G, Marini M, Botas J, de la Torre-Hernandez JM, Ottani F, Fuster V; REBOOT-CNIC Investigators. Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction without Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2025 Nov 13;393(19):1889-1900. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2504735. Epub 2025 Aug 30. |
| 36526898 | Derived | Granger CB, Pocock SJ, Gersh BJ. The need for new clinical trials of old cardiovascular drugs. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023 Feb;20(2):71-72. doi: 10.1038/s41569-022-00819-1. No abstract available. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009203 | Myocardial Infarction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017202 | Myocardial Ischemia |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D007238 | Infarction |
| D007511 | Ischemia |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009336 | Necrosis |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000319 | Adrenergic beta-Antagonists |
| D001262 | Atenolol |
| D017298 | Bisoprolol |
| D000077261 | Carvedilol |
| D008790 | Metoprolol |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018674 | Adrenergic Antagonists |
| D018663 | Adrenergic Agents |
| D018377 | Neurotransmitter Agents |
| D045504 | Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D045505 | Physiological Effects of Drugs |
| D050198 | Phenoxypropanolamines |
| D011412 | Propanolamines |
| D000605 | Amino Alcohols |
| D000438 | Alcohols |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D020005 | Propanols |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D002227 | Carbazoles |
| D007211 | Indoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D006575 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring |
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