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Despite major advances in the technical aspects of surgical repair of congenital heart diseases, perioperative myocardial damage with low cardiac output remains the most common cause of morbidity and death after repair of congenital heart lesions.
Myocardial sample was obtained from the endocardial surface of the right ventricle and placed in formalin until examination under light microscopy for detection of myocyte cellular edema as a marker of ischemic changes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial biopsy | Experimental | The specimens were classified into three categories: normal, focal hydropic change and diffuse hydropic change. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| myocardial biopsy | Procedure | Myocardial cell edema either focal or diffuse was detected in histopathological examination |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Myocardial biopsy | Myocardial cell edema either focal or diffuse was detected in histopathological examination | within 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The inotropic score | 1 point is assigned for each mcg/kg/min of dopamine and dobutamine, and 10 points is assigned for each 0.1 mcg/kg/min of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine. (i.e. 1 point is assigned for each 10 ng/kg/min of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine. | within one month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Scheduled cardiac surgery requiring cardioplegic arrest with expected cross clamp time>45 minutes.
Hemodynamic stability.
Exclusion Criteria:
Previous cardiac surgery. Urgent or emergent cases. Any known allergies to components of either cardioplegia solutions.
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Myocardial cell edema either focal or diffuse was detected in histopathological examination in pediatric patients undergoing total repair of Tetrology of Fallout
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| Serum cardiac troponin level |
Samples for troponin I levels at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 hours after aortic cross-clamping. |
| first 24 hours |
| 30-day mortality | number of patients died | 30 days |
| Type of cardiac rhythm on return | Type of cardiac rhythm on return | within 24 hours |