Several studies suggested that dysbacteriosis usually happened in patients with intestinal failure (IF). However, differences of microbiota diversity in small intestine stoma effluents and colonic faeces were rarely studies. Thus this study is aimed to investigate the microbiota compositions and differences of output of small intestine stoma and colon in pediatric IF patients. Fecal samples from IF patients. Each patient received fistula closure in our centre and fecal samples from both small intestinal stoma and colon were collected. Fecal microbial compositions were determined by high-throughput sequencing.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with intestinal failure. Patients showed good tolerance to parenteral and enteral nutrition administration. Proportion of enteral nutrition is more than 80%.

Stool output maintained at less than 50mL/kg/day. No complications occurred for at least 1 week.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients depend mainly on parenteral nutrition. Symptoms like fever, abdominal distention and diarrhea. Complications like parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, pneumonia and catheter related infection.

Hospitalized patients